descriptive epidemiology - epidemiologic studies concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population WHO is getting sick? (ex sex, age, race/ethnicity) WHERE are they getting sick? (ex country, rural/urban, near factory) WHEN are they getting sick? (over a day, year, decade) descriptive study designs - cross-sectional, case reports, case series, ecologic analytic epidemiology - examines causal hypotheses regarding the association between exp...

what is bias? - error that is built into the study causes the results to be different from the truth (overestimation or underestimation of the association between exposure and outcome) where is the best place to prevent bias during a study? - the design stage (before you even look for results) name the four type of bias common in cross-sectional studies - selection bias interpretation bias recall bias non-response bias name the common types of bias in case-control studies? - selection b...

definition of epidemiology? - The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified time and place. what are the three C's that epidemiologists do? - count compare communicate uses of epidemiololgy? - - helps look for causes of a disease - establish presence of an epidemic - helps identify syndromes and diseases - determines individual risk of disease epidemic definition? - new cases of a disease in a given population and period during a rate t...

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Chapter 01: Introduction Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention? a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy d. Sexual education program in elementary schools e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes ANS: B Surgical amputation o...

Chapter 01: Introduction Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention? a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy d. Sexual education program in elementary schools e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes ANS: B Surgical amputation o...

Core functions of public health correct answer: Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance Primary Prevention correct answer: Strategies, tactics, and procedures that prevent the of the occurrence of disease in the first place (normal) Secondary Prevention correct answer: Strategies, tactics, and procedures, including screening tests, that detect disease as early as possible so that its progress can be arrested and, if possible, the disease eradicated (preclinical) Tertiary Prevention...

Prospective (Concurrent) Cohort Study correct answer: Where baseline exposure is assessed in real time and cohorts are followed into the future. Retrospective (Historical) Cohort Study correct answer: Where baseline exposure is assessed at some point in the past, through historical records; cohorts are followed over historical time to the end of follow up. Risk Ratio correct answer: Incidence in exposed/incidence in unexposed. Relative Risk correct answer: Ratio of incidence; cumula...

Which of the following answers the who, when, and where questions of epidemiology? correct answer: Distribution He was the first to quantify patterns of birth, death and disease by use of demographics correct answer: John Graunt Any departure or deviation from a state of physiological well being (sickness, illness, disability) is called morbidity correct answer: True He performed one of the first experimental studies on the treatment for scury correct answer: Lind how many core o...

It measures the assocation between an exposure and an outcome. correct answer: Odds ratio What does the likelihood ratio measure? correct answer: The performance of a diagnostic test. It expresses the ratio of 2 probabilities. Probability of a given test result in a person with a disease/probability of the same result in a person without the disease. It expresses how many more or less times likely a test result is found in a person with a disease compared with a person without a disease....