BIO 110L (BIO110)

- What is life? - What is water? - What is the hydrophobic effect? - What are other roles of water?

- Early milestones in heredity - What is the material of heredity? - T.H. Morgan's logic - Hershey-Chase experiment

- What is metabolism? - How do we activate enzymes? - Regulation of metabolism - ATP - Glycolysis

- How are peptides formed? - Primary structure of peptides - How do proteins know how to fold? - Secondary structure of peptides - What are alpha-helices? - What are beta strands? - Structure of beta-sheet - Tertiary structure of peptides - What is a disulfide bond and how are they formed? - Quaternary structure of peptides

- What are polymerases? - How is DNA replicated? - What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? - Origin of replication - What are linear chromosomes?

- What do proteins do? - What are anti-freeze proteins? - What are mucins? - What is the sodium-potassium pump?

- Opportunities for regulating genes - Regulation of gene expression - Requirements of bacterial gene expression - Regulating gene expression at transcription - How to begin genetic dissection of the regulation of lactose metabolism? - Investigation of the regulation of the lac operon - What are IPTG and XGAL - How does the repressor know lactose is present? - What is CAP and cAMP?

- What is the central dogma? - Types of RNA - How is RNA transcription done? - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - How is RNA processed in eukaryotes? - What is intron splicing?

- Diverse sex-determining mechanisms - Why sex chromosomes? - How did the Y chromosome get so small? - Consequences of dimorphic chromosomes - What is dosage compensation? - How is sex determined?

- What is the scientific method? - How is a hypothesis tested? - Examples of scientific method/hypothesis testing - Life on Mars