BIOL& 211

Cellular energetics -Discuss the major types of energy -Define metabolism, catabolism and anabolism -Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions -Describe the structure and importance of ATP for the cell Enzymes -Describe the role of enzymes in cellular biochemical reactions -Discuss the mechanism of enzyme action and the importance of an active site -Describe different types of enzyme inhibition -Explain allosteric regulation of enzymes -Connect the concept of negative feed...

Genetic code -Differentiate among the three kinds of RNA in terms of structure and function -Define the kind of code present in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Building proteins -Describe the process, machinery (proteins and enzymes) and products of transcription and translation -Demonstrate how specific amino acids are added to the proper tRNAs -Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis Mutations -Analyze the effect of DNA mutations on the amino acid sequence of proteins

Cell Signaling -Discuss the differences between local signaling and long-distance cellular communication -Describe the three stages of cell signaling. Receptor Proteins -Know what receptor proteins are, where they are located, and what they do -Know the three cell surface receptor superfamilies, the basic structures of each and how each functions to convert an extracellular signal to an internal one. -Differentiate between intracellular receptors and cell surface receptors in terms of func...

Plasma membrane​ -Use the fluid mosaic model to describe the structure of the cell membrane​ -Describe some of the proteins associated with the cell membrane​ Diffusion​ -Define the term "Selectively permeable"​ -Differentiate passive from active transport​ -Differentiate simple from facilitated diffusion​ Transport​ -Describe the steps of active transport​ -Use ions to power secondary active transport

Cellular energetics -Discuss the major types of energy -Define metabolism, catabolism and anabolism -Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions -Describe the structure and importance of ATP for the cell Enzymes -Describe the role of enzymes in cellular biochemical reactions -Discuss the mechanism of enzyme action and the importance of an active site -Describe different types of enzyme inhibition -Explain allosteric regulation of enzymes -Connect the concept of negative fe...

O-Chem basics​ -Describe C atom, its bonds and importance of hydrocarbons​ -Distinguish between seven major functional groups​ -Know the basic structure of ATP and ADP​ 4 major macromolecules​ -Explain basic structure and functions of simple and complex sugars​ -Discuss different types of lipids and their role in biology​ -Describe protein chemical structure -Differentiate and discuss many different functions of proteins​ -Briefly explain the basic structure of nucleic...

Water​ -Describe the physical and chemical properties of a water -Explain how hydrogen bonds result in cohesive and adhesive properties of water​ -Explain how water resists temperature changes​ -Describe evaporative cooling​ -Explain why water is called universal solvent​

Cell cycle basics -Define cell division and cell cycle -Differentiate between somatic cells and gametes -Describe the structure of an eukaryotic chromosome Mitosis -List and discuss changes during every stage of cell cycle with emphasis on mitosis -Explain the role of kinetochore and mitotic spindle in mitosis -Compare cytokinesis in animal and plant cells Controlling the cell cycle -Discuss the importance of cell cycle control system -Describe the fluctuation of cyclin and MPF dur...