- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Qualitative Research - Answer Research methodology that gather descriptive data. Not to investigate effects of variables but to understand subjective experiences of phenomena Case Studies ( Qualitative Research) - Answer Researchers study a particular person in detail, hoping to discover or collect unique data. Naturalistic Observation (Qualitative Research) - Answer observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the sit...

Bottom Up Processing - Answer Processing Information from the sensory system Top Down Processing - Answer Information processed in the mind from pre-stored (experiences) information Perception - Answer Cognitive process that interprets and organized information from senses to produce meaningful experiences Schema - Answer A mental representation of knowledge that can describe how specific knowledge is organized and stored in memory so that it is accessed and used when possib...

2 Characteristics of Lab experiments - Answer 1.Highly standardised 2.Controlled environment 2 strengths of lab experiments - Answer 1.Easy to replicate because it's highly standardised. 2.A cause and effect relationship can be established as extraneous and independent variables are controlled. 2 weaknesses of lab experiments - Answer 1.The artificial setting may produce unnatural behaviour that doesn't reflect real life. Therefore findings cannot always be generalised to...

Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative data - Answer QUALITATIVE DATA: - cannot be quantified - based off observations -highly descriptive - gathered through direct interaction with participants through 1-1 or group interviews -data consists of text (transcripts or field notes) - open- ended and flexible to interpretation - "rich thick" data Strengths: - provides rich data- in depth descriptions of individual experiences based on concepts, meanings and expl...

Describe stressors (Homes-Rahe) - Answer Stress is a negative emotional experience accompanied by various physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes. Stressors are any adverse or challenging event; they are factors that cause stress (noise, pain, violence, job stress). According to a Sapolsky, humans are the only species who can imagine stressors, meaning that the body reacts to stressors whether the person is conscious or not. Beliefs and expectations play a role in the intensity a...

What is psychology? - Answer The scientific study of individual behavior and mental processes. What is a mental process? - Answer The internal tasks we perform with our minds. What is cognition? - Answer Another term for mental process. What is behavior? - Answer An observable action. In IB, behavior means actions and mental processes. What is empirical evidence? - Answer Evidence that has been gathered using observation and/or experimentation. What is anecdotal ev...

Describe one study related to the localisation of function in the brain. - Answer One study related to the localisation of function includes Sperry (1968) who displayed the role of Broca's Area on language formation. The localisation of function theory proposes that certain areas of the brain are associated with specific functions. Furthermore, that behaviour, emotion and thought originate from specific areas of the brain. In this study, the Broca's Area is suggested to be associate...

Foot-in-the-door - Answer A small commitment or request is made to an individual. Once the individual complies or agrees to fulfill the commitment/request, a related request is then asked of the individual. The second request is usually a larger request. -people tend to want to be committed and consistent in their beliefs so they have a sense of commitment/ develop a sense of consistency. Door-in-the-face - Answer Large request followed by a smaller one- first usually denied 2nd will...

Discuss ethical considerations in the sociocultural approach - Answer Asch (1956) Bandura et al (1961) Discuss Social Cognitive Theory - Answer Bandura et al (1961) Becker et al (2002) Evaluate research on one cultural dimension (e.g. individualism/collectivism) - Answer Becker et al (2002) Ogihara and Uchida (2014) Discuss the concepts of normality and abnormality - Answer Parker et al (2001) Rosenhan (1973) Discuss the use of classification systems in the diagnos...

Kasamatsu and Hirai (1999) - Serotonin - Answer A: Investigate how sensory deprivation affects the brain. M: -Studied a group of Monks on a 72 hour pilgrimage to a mountain. -The Monks were not allowed to speak, eat or drink. -They were exposed to cold late autumn weather. -After 48 hours, the Monks started seeing hallucinations of ancestors and feeling their presence. -Researchers took blood samples before and after. R: -Found increased level of serotonin in the Monks' brain....