- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Immune-mediated diseases - A large group of diseases that result when the cells of the immune system react to a variety of situations, such as transplanted organ tissue or drug-altered cells Crohn's disease - chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (autoimmune disorder); mediated by Th1 Multiple sclerosis - A chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath Sarcoidosis - chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in...

There is strong interest in developing a vaccine that would prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or substantially reduce viral loads in a person with HIV. HIV infects immune cells by binding to a receptor called CD4 on the surface of those cells. Laboratory studies have identified rare antibodies that bind to intact HIV viral particles and effectively control the virus in certain individuals. Structural studies revealed that some of these antibodies bind to a protein on the ...

Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls? - Adhesion molecules E-Selectin - An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction) E-Selectin Ligand - A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response. ICAM-1 - An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immun...

antigens 2) Formation of immune complexes (antibody-antigen complexes) in the blood Lymphoma - A type of cancer arising from lymphocytes Leukemia - Type of cancer that arises from leukocytes or leukocyte precursors B cell receptor (BCR) - a membrane-bound antibody and its associated signaling proteins; B cells can excrete free antibodies with the same affinity as their receptor Difference between T cell and B cell receptors - B cell receptors (immunoglobulins) can recognize virtually any ...

How do IgG antibodies work on microbes? - IgG bind to microbes, complement proteins come along and poke holes on microbes. Opsonization introduction - C3b, microbes that are originally not attracted to phagocytes can be bound by C3b, after binding, they can attract phagocytes and chew up the microbes Complement activation pathways - Alternative - C3b cleaved spontaneously; Classical pathway - C3b can be cleaved when antigens bind; Lectin - agglutinins bind to pathogen; these first steps a...

You have learned about many different kinds of immune diseases in this course. The therapies given to patients to prevent transplant rejection are most similar to therapies used to treat: 1. autoimmune diseases. 2. bacterial infections. 3. viral infections. 4. allergies. - 1. autoimmune diseases. A man with blood type A is in a car accident and has a large amount of internal bleeding. He needs an emergency red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. RBCs of which blood types, below, can be safely...

MHC Class I pathway - Present on every nucleated cells, by CD8, proteasome breakdown, goes through ER before vesicles and Golgi Inhibitory Signaling of T cells - In Lymphocytes induce CTLA4 after a while, disabling the B7 costimulatory molecules to bind, stopping the T cells from proliferation; In tissues, T cells present PD 1 receptor on the surface, PD1 can exhaust T cells CTLA-4 - Presented on T cells after a while of proliferation in lymph nodes, bind to the B7 costimulator/CD28 signal...

Immunology testing methods questions & answers

Immunology Test Questions with Verified Solutions

Immunology Test 4 with Accurate Solutions