- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is the AMA (American Medical Association) guidelines on "gifts to physicians from Industry"? pg 259 - 1) Any gifts accepted by physicians individuals should primarily entail a benefit to patients and should not be of substantial value. Accordingly, textbooks, modest meals, and other gifts are appropriate if they serve a genuine educational function. Cash payments should not be accepted. The use of drug samples for personal and family use is permissible as long as these practices ...

Why are diagnostic test conducted in healthcare? pg 231 - Screening Diagnosing a disorder Evaluating severity of disorder so treatment can be planned Monitoring the response of treatment What are the most commonly analyzed body fluids? pg 231 - Blood Urine Cerebrospinal fluid (brain/spin) Synovial fluid (joint) This is the most common type of imaging test? pg 232 - X-ray Electrical activity of heart is measure with this test? 232 - ECG Electrical activity of brain is measure with this ...

According to the Centers for disease control and Prevention (CDC), people with chronic conditions now account for what percent of total healthcare spending? pg 213 - 75%, and are not treated at all or are not treated according to recomended guidelines KRC research found what percent of physicians providing drug samples is useful? pg 214 - 69% A recent Kaiser Family Foundation Survey found what percent of physicians give patients samples to assist with out of pocket expenses? pg 214 - 75% ...

CDHP stands for? pg 179 - Consumer-Directed Health Plan The two hallmarks of CDHP are? pg 179 - 1) greater cost sharing by consumers, 2) consumer choice and consumer accountability have greatly increased in importance Who are the dominant type of health insurance providers in the U.S.? pg 180 - MCO (managed care organizations) Almost what percent of employed Americans are now covered by HMO's, PPO, or a point of service plan? pg 180 - 80% About what percent of MCO use formularies? pg 1...

A term of A study of human subjects that is intended to ascertain an investigational products safety and efficacy by analyzing its clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects, ADME and/or adverse reactions? - Clinical Study According to who, trials are normally delayed at least a month because not enough subjects? - CISCRP (Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation How much money does a company lose per day from a product delay? - $8 million Wh...

What are some of the elements of Good Laboratory Practices? - 1) Personnel must have the education, training, and experience to conduct nonclinical studies 2) A quality assurance unit should be measurable 3) Materials for studies must be appropriately tested for identity, strength, purity, stability and uniformity 4) Appropriate personnel, resources, facilities, equipment, materials, and methodologies must be available 5) Studies must be conducted under specifically designed protocols wit...

Most recent studies have estimated the cost of bringing a new drug to market is how much? - $1..5 - 1.8 billion For every 5,000-10,000 compounds that enter R&D, how about many are approved by the FDA? - 1 Why have many pharmaceutical R&D processes become longer and more complex? - more complex scientific tools and disease targets more intensive regulatory process growing demand in medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals What percent of costs associated with new drug...

To be worthy of a patent protection, the invention must have? - qualities that are novel, useful, and not obvious Patents typically expire how many years from date of filing? - 20 yrs What countries have allowed extensions of patent term? - U.S. Japan, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland What are some reasons a patent may cease before the normal expiration date? - nonworking of the invention nonpayment of renewal fees What is the difference between a patent vs exclusivity? - A patent is ...

The two legal classifications of wholesalers? - Primary Wholesale Distributors and Secondary Wholesale Distributors Buy most of the drugs directly from manufacturers, Legally considered authorized distributors within the meaning of PDMA? - Primary Wholesale Distributors PDMA stands for? - Prescription Drug Marketing Act Buy from primary and other secondary wholesalers as well as manufacturers but are not considered "authorized distributors" of the manufacturers with the meaning of PD...

____ of Americans take 1 prescription daily? - one half of all Americans _____ of Americans take 3 prescriptions daily? - 1 out of 6 The first recorded reference of the word Pharmacology was found in what text? - Pharmacologia sen Manuductio and Materian Medicum by Samuel Dale 1693 Who first isolated morphine from opium? - Friedrich Serturner 1805 Considered the father of American Pharmacology, first pharmacology department in U.S. at University of Michigan in 1890? - John Jacob Abel Phar...