Pathophysiology - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Test Bank - Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States 4th Edition by Carol Porth

Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: a. treat disease. b. protect cells from injury. c. prevent cellular aging. d. speed up cellular death. Ans: Protect Cells from Injury Cellular atrophy involves: a. an increase in cell size. b. a decrease in cell size. c. an increase in the number of cells. d. a decrease in the number of cells. Ans: A decrease in cell size An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs? a. Liver b. Brai...

a 23 year old diabetic has a pressure sore on his foot resulting from poor circulation. the wound has large chunks of dead black tissue. you know the dead tissue present in the wound is due to ____ of the tissue and is called ____ Ans: hypoxia/necrosis a 45 year old man just finished working the hot sun without anything drink and comes to your clinic. he is acting confused, has a tremor in his hamd and cannot remember where he parked his car. after an exam, you anticipate he is suf...

In response to an increase in workout, the myocardium will hypertrophy which is an. a) Increase in size by increasing the total number b) Increase in contractility c) Increase in size by increasing in the intracellular content d) Decrease in strength e) Increase in excitability Ans: c) Increase in size by increasing in the intracellular content A pathology report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. Muscular atrophy involves the decrease in muscle cell________...

Which condition is a risk factor for postobstructive diuresis? Ans: Hypertension Which condition is a cause of an upper urinary tract obstruction? Ans: Kidney stone A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have bacteria in the urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary tract involvement? Ans: Pyelonephritis Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? Ans: Escherichia coli Which condition is not a complication of horses...

The nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows that which of the following are primary functions of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.) A. Production of clotting factors B. Homeostasis C. Excretion of metabolic wastes D. Regulation of acid-base balance E. Metabolism of fats Ans: B, C, D The kidneys do not metabolize fats. Production of clotting factors is a primary function of the liver. The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce erythropoi...

A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell: a. number b. size c. vacuoles d. lipofuscin Ans: B. Size During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy? a. Physiologic b. Pathologic c. Disuse d. Neurogenic Ans: A. Physiologic When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myoca...

Pathophysiology includes all of the following elements except: a) etiology b) clinical manifestations c) mechanisms of pathogenesis d) clinical management Ans: D Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for effective: a) prevention b) therapy c) treatment d) diagnosis Ans: A Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a) Childhood immunization for communicable diseases b) Routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear o the cervix c) Amniocentesis to detect genet...

A postmenopausal patient with a family history of breast cancer develops osteoporosis. The patient ask the nurse about medications to treat this condition. The nurse knows which is the medication for this patient. • Raloxifene • Estrogen • Teriparatide • Pamidronate Ans: Raloxifene The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving vancomycin. The patient is experiencing flushing, rash, pruritus, and urticarial. The nurse knows these findings are consistent with • Rhabd...

A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate? a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood b. In ALL, immature blasts cells replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins d. The translocatio...