Sws 3022 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is mineral formation? -:- When aluminosilicates dervive charge from substitution of lower-charged cations for higher charged cations in the crystal matrix What charge results from mineral formation? -:- permanent negative charge What substitution happens during mineral formation? -:- - Al3+ for Si4+ - Mg2+ for Al3+ What do charges on silicate crystal edges and on Al/Fe oxides depend on? -:- protonation and deprotonation (results in variable, pH-dependent charge What do organi...

Know the two principal chemical elements in organic chemical compounds -:- Carbon & Hydrogen (maybe Oxygen) Know the two properties that make certain types of organic chemicals highly water soluble. -:- Polarity & Electrical Charge Understand basically the impediments to water solubility for non-ionic hydrophobic organic compounds. -:- a. Solubility: The ease with which substances dissolve in water; the degree to which organic contaminants impact soil and water quality often is relat...

Dimensions of the Earth? -:- D=8,000 C=25,000 What is soil? -:- the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. The parameters related to soil composition for an idealized surface soil? -:- 50% -Solid 50%-Pore Space 45%-Mineral 5%-organic matter Basic functions of soil in the environment? 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Ex...

What are the important soil solution constituents of inorganic soils? -:- can contain carbon, but are not based on carbon; simple - metals, chemical nutrients, acids - all ionic What are the important soil solution constituents of organic soils? -:- compounds of carbon; dominated by C, H, and O; complex - covalently bonded - can be natural or synthetic How do ions differ from the elements in the periodic table? -:- Elements in the periodic table are electrically neutral. Ions are sta...

What are the components to Munsell Soil Color? -:- Hue, Value, Chroma What does each component to the Munsell Soil Color indicate? -:- Hue - Dominant spectra color on a given page Value - Light/dark (the lower the number, the darker the color) Chroma - Intensity/Brightness of color Say I have a munsell soil color of 10YR 5/6, which of these parts represents the hue, value, and chroma? -:- The 10YR represents the Hue The 5/ represents the Value The /6 represents the chroma 2 0 2 4 ...

organic chemical -:- also referred to as an organic compound, is defined as being constructed of molecules that possess carbon-based atoms. Specifically, it is composed of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen atoms, together with a variety of other elements from functional groups, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. Usually, an organic chemical is covalently bonded, meaning that electrons are shared between atoms. This characteristic is why organic chemicals can be structured in a va...

Dimensions of the Earth -:- Diameter: 8000 mi Circumference: 25,000 mi What do the definitions of soil depend on? -:- The definition of soil is dynamic because many specializations and disciplines view soil differently: ecological, geological, environmental, etc. Parameters related to soil composition for an idealized surface soil -:- 50% pore space and 45% particles, 5% OM Basic functions of soils in the environment -:- Medium for plant growth: support, gas and water exchange, tem...

T or F; The two forces responsible for water movement in soils are adhesion and cohesion. -:- false; gravity and capillary Water's heat of Vaporization is equal to ____________ cal/g. -:- 580 The bonding that occurs between water molecules in the liquid is called __________ bonding -:- hydrogen t or f; Water's density increases as it becomes a solid. -:- false t or f; Gravimetric water content is water content by weight -:- true 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 | © copyright | This work may...

Be able to define an acid. -:- Any substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Know the two ions considered acids in soils. -:- Hydrogen (H+) and Aluminum (Al3+). Understand how aluminum contributes to soil acidity -:- Hydrolosis. Al(H2O)6 3+ = Al(H2O)5(OH) 2+ and H+ Understand the two basic types of soil acidity discussed in class. -:- Active and exchangeable acidity. Know the relationship between pH and H+ concentration in solution. 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 | ...

What organisms are the most numerous in soils? -:- Bacteria What organisms have the greatest biomass? -:- Fungi What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs? -:- Aerobic use oxygen as electron acceptors. Anaerobic use nitrogen, sulfur, ironto accept electrons. How do aerobic conditions influence the decomposition of organic matter? -:- Decomp is rapid due to efficiency of aerobic metabolism How do anaerobic conditions influence the decomposition of organic matt...