exam questions with answer ,class notes

PREGNANCY DIAGNOSING PREGNANCY. DEFINITION OF TERMS Trimester refers to a three month calendar period. • Gravidity is the number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of the outcome of the pregnancies. • Parity refers to the delivery of a child that grew beyond 28 weeks (the age of viability) irrespective of whether the baby was born alive or dead. • A Primigravida is a woman who is pregnant for the first time. • A Primipara is a woman who has had only one ...

FOCUSSED ANTENATAL CARE. FANC  Personalized care provided to a pregnant woman=emphasizes on the womans overall health, preparation for childbirth and readiness for complications(emergency preparedness)  Its  timely  Friendly  Simple  Safe service to a pg. woman. AIM…..  Achieve good outcome for the mother and baby  prevent any complications that occur in pregnancy, labour and postpartum period  WHO recommends that:  Women can benefit ...

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND MEASUREMENT A good measurement tools should be an accurate indicator of what we are interested I measuring. In addition it should easy and efficient to use. There are three major criteria of evaluating a measuring tool. • Validity • Reliability. • Practicability. Validity. • In research we try that every information we collect to be accurate. This implies that what we use to obtain that information must also be accurate. For instance, if ...

Bacterial Normal Flora Introduction • Normal bacteria flora describes bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites without causing a disease. • Viruses and parasites are never considered members of the normal flora • Human first becomes colonized by normal flora at birth • They vary in number and kind from one site to another • The internal organs and the blood are usually sterile and presence of bacteria on these sites is an indication of d...

Attitude measurement scales Am sure that you have learned about scales of measurements that include: Norminal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio. Now lets look at others; Attitude measurement scales • An attitude is the tendency to evaluate something in a particular way with some degree of positivity or negativity. • The attitude object can be any aspect of the physical or social environment such as things, people or an abstract idea. • Attitude measures assess attitudes by re...

NORMOCYTIC ANEMIAS HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS (HS) Hereditary spherocytosis is a familial hemolytic disorder characterized by anemia, intermittent jaundice, splenomegaly, and responsiveness to splenectomy. However, there is marked heterogeneity of the clinical features, ranging from an asymptomatic condition to a fulminant hemolytic anemia. The morphologic hallmark of HS is the microspherocyte, which is caused by loss of membrane surface area and is characterized by an abnormal osmoti...

DATA COLLECTION AND INSTRUMENTS Tools of research. A researcher needs to develop instruments with which to collect the necessary information. In business research the most commonly used instruments are questionnaires, interview schedules, observational guides and standardized tests. DATA COLLECTIOM METHODS There are several methods of data collection: 1. Observation. • According to Cohen (1980) one way of obtaining information about the progress or outcome of a...

FERTILIZATION FERTILISATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FERTILISED OVUM  Fertilization takes place when the sperm meets the ovum in the fallopian tube.  After ovulation, the ovum passes into the fallopian tube and is moved along by the cilia and the peristaltic muscular contraction of the tube.  At this time the cervix produces alkaline mucus that attracts the spermatozoa.  When intercourse takes place many spermatozoa (about 300 million) are deposited in the upper v...

NEUROLOGIC & NEUROMUSCULAR DRUGS 2 9/26/2024 Anticonvulsant drugs Anticonvulsant drugs inhibit neuromuscular transmission. They can be prescribed for: • long-term management of chronic epilepsy (recurrent seizures) • short-term management of acute isolated seizures not caused by epilepsy, such as seizures after trauma or brain surgery. In addition, some anticonvulsants are used in the emergency treatment of status epilepticus (a continuous seizure state). Try one, then another...

Sterilization & Disinfection Introduction • Sterilization is the killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, which are highly resistant. Sterilization is usually carried out by autoclaving, which consists of exposure to steam at 121°C under a pressure of 15 lb/in2 for 15 minutes. Surgical instruments that can be damaged by moist heat are usually sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide gas, and most intravenous solutions are sterilized by filtration. ...