echocardiography

What is an ultrasound wave? correct answer: Longitudinal, mechanical wave/vibrations that induce alternate refractions & compressions of any physical medium in which they pass. How do sound waves travel? correct answer: In a straight line - particles move in the same direction of the wave. Sound waves have 2 areas: correct answer: 1) Compressions - regions of higher density & high pressure - particles packed together. -2) Rarefactions - regions of lower density & lower pressure. I...

Which 3 contrast agents are currently FDA approved? (as of 2015) correct answer: optison, definity, sonovue Optison's stabilization is correct answer: albumin SonoVue's stabilization is correct answer: phospholipid Definity's stabilization is correct answer: phospholipid involves injection of contrast media with high echo reflectants (like bubbles) to outline a chamber or delineate a shunt within the heart correct answer: contrast echo primary reason to use contrast (ventr...

views from parasternal window correct answer: long axis short axis right ventricular outflow tract viewed in long axis correct answer: Ascending aorta Aortic valve Mitral valve left ventricle levels of short axis view correct answer: basal mitral papillary short axis: Basal level correct answer: Aortic valve Pulmonic valve Tricuspid valve short axis: mitral level correct answer: left ventricle mitral valve right ventricle short axis: Papillary level correct answer...

A way to INDUCE CONTROLLED STRESS on the heart and monitor its response correct answer: Stress Echo Patients with ________ will OFTEN have ABNORMAL CHANGES in the EKG and/or WALL MOTION correct answer: CAD (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE) What IMAGING TESTS should you add to STRESS TESTING to INCREASE TESTING SENSITIVITY/SPECIFICITY? correct answer: 1) ECHO 2) NUCLEAR SCAN When ECHO or NUCLEAR SCANS are added to STRESS TESTS, it INCREASES the SENSITIVITY/SPECIFICITY from ________%-________...

WHAT TWO NATURAL SHUNTS CAUSE BLOOD FLOW IN THE FETAL HEART TO BE DIFFERENT? correct answer: FORAMEN OVALE AND DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS CONNECTION THAT SHUNTS BLOOD FROM PULMONARY ARTERY TO THE AORTA correct answer: DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS BYPASSES WHAT? correct answer: THE LUNGS OPENING BETWEEN LT AND RT ATRIA THAT correct answer: FORAMEN OVALE WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART IS LARGER IN A FETUS (IN UTERO ONLY)? correct answer: RIGHT THE FORAMEN OVALE SHUNTS BLOOD FROM THE...

Levoposition correct answer: most of the cardiac mass is to the left of midline Dextroposition correct answer: most of the cardiac mass is to the right of midline Mesoposition correct answer: the heart is evenly divided around the midline Connection correct answer: The exact anatomic attachment of the pulmonary vein to a chamber or other vein Drainage correct answer: Venous flow may be directed or flow to a chamber other than, or in addition to the one that it is connected to as...

What are the types of echo exams correct answer: transthorasic and transesophagal What are the tomographic planes? correct answer: suprasternal, right parasternal, parasternal, right apical, apical, subcostal What can be seen with echo? DIHREE correct answer: DIHREE - • Detect structural abnormalities • Identify pathology • Hemodynamic information • Rule out source of thrombus • Evaluate cardiac wall motion • Evaluate valve function and chamber sizes What are the applicat...

Normal LVEDD (males) Severely abnormal LVEED Normal LV diastolic volume index Normal LV systolic volume index Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index Left ventricular Mass Index correct answer: 4.2-5.8 cm >6.8 cm <74 mL/m^2 <31 mL/m^2 >100 mL/m^2 <115 g/m^2 Normal LVEDD (females) Severely abnormal LVEED Normal LV diastolic volume index Normal LV systolic volume index Severely abnormal LV diastolic volume index Left ventricular Mass Index correct ...

Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, & hepatic veins demonstrate systolic flow reversal. What type of valve abnormality would you expect to see? A. mild mitral regurgitation B. severe mitral regurgitation C. mild tricuspid regurgitation D. severe tricuspid regurgitation correct answer: D When estimating pulmonary artery pressure, the most reliable non-invasive method is: A. tricuspid valve regurgitant jet velocity B. pulmonic valve systolic velocity C. pulmonary artery catheter...

Define: Cardiomyopathy (CM) correct answer: a disease that diffusely affects the myocardium, resulting in enlargement and/or ventricular dysfunction Dilated Cardiomyopathy correct answer: the most common of all cardiomyapthies; known for its multi-chamber enlargement and decreased systolic and diastolic function Name three causes of Dilated CM correct answer: Idiopathic (of unknown origin), familial and genetic disorders, infectious process What are common symptoms associated with di...