International Study Visit
Major allies of WW2 took initiative to start new organization. Very broad goals! UN
was established as a multipurpose organization.
- Maintenance of international peace and security
- Promote respect for human rights
- development
also underlying causes (f.ex. inequality …). The UN is a multi-purpose
organization.
Principal organs:
- General Assembly (political order)
o Agenda: any matter that falls under the UN charter
Anything about international peace or security
Issues regarding development
Legal matters
Cultural matters
…
o Debating chamber
o Any matter can be discussed, they can adopt decisions. (= resolutions)
o UN is predominantly an intergovernmental organization
Resolutions adopted by GA, are not legally binding, they can
urge member states but not impose it.
- Security Council (political)
- Ecosoc (political)
- Secretariat
o Provides services and supports the activities of all the other major
organs of the UN
o UN staff members serve the interest of the organization and not of a
separate member state
o Headquarter in New York
o Others in Geneva
- ICJ (traditional)
o Only legal matters
- Trusteeship
very complex system.
Subsidiary organs
- Subsidiary organs may be established, as may be found necessary in
accordance with the present charter
- GA, SC and ECOSOC may establish supbsidiary organs as they deem
necessary for the performance of their functions
- GA has established a number of programmes and funds (under its authority,
derived from article 22)
o UNICEF, UNDP, UNEP, UNCTAD, UNHCR
o Have a wide area of authonomy (have become semi-autonomous
organs) but they still act under the authority of the GA
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, o Ase usually (partially) financed out of voluntary contributions of the
individual member states
o Do not enjoy (separate) international legal personality
3 political organs, others are traditional. The political ones; they have the power to
establish subsidiary organs. (sub-organs). That’s the reason we have to focus on the
major organ; General Assembly. They have established quite a bit subsidiary organs.
UNICEF is one of them, children fund. These programs and funds are still part of the
UN, not regarded as separate international organizations. They have a wide area of
autonomy but they always act on the authority of the general Assembly. They don’t
enjoy separate international legal personality. The expenses are not covered by the
regular budget of the UN. You have a different system of financing: voluntary
contributions by the member states.
The United Nations System is made up of:
- The united Nations Proper
- The prgrammes and funds established by the GA (under its authority derived
from article 22)
- The specialized agencies provided for in article 57 of the charter
Specialized agencies: part of UN but there’s a difference between a fund and a
specialized agency. (Ex: WHO, the international monetary fund, world bank,
Uniscope…).
The difference is that they :
- have their own constitution
- have their own membership
- established by means of a treaty (not by resolution)
- have their own legislative bodies
- their own budget and financed separately from the UN.
- They have separate legal personality
- Are linked to the UN through special agreements (relationship agreements)
concluded between he ECOSOC and the SA (and afterwards approved by the
UN GA) There’s a very close link between the agency and the UN.
They are set up to:
- Help achieve higher standards of living, full employment, conditions of
economic and social progress and development
- Finds solutions to international economic, social health, and related problems,
international cultural and educational cooperation
They have a wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments,
in economic, social, cultural, educational cooperation
Relationship agreements are concluded to promote the coordination of their activities
by the UN.
The status of the WTO
status is more complex: The GATT (predecessor to WTO) was never granted the
status of Specialized Agency because it was not an international organization in the
proper sense
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