EDF 6223 Exam 1 2023 with complete solutions

_____________is also called identity matching. This is the act of the subject matching the primary stimulus to the target stimulus. Showing a picture of a bird and the child saying "bird." - Answer- reflexivity _____________ refers to the two-way relationship of matching. For example, show a picture of a bird and say "bird." Point to the picture of the bird, and the subject says "bird." - Answer- symmetry _____________ occurs when the equation if A = B and if B = C, then A = C. In other words one stimulus is matched to a second stimulus. The second stimulus is matched to the third stimulus. By this relationship, the subject learns that the first stimulus and third stimulus are also matching. For example, if you say "bird" and show a child a picture of a bird, then you show a picture of a bird and match it to a real bird in a cage, the relationship of saying bird for the caged animal is acquired. - Answer- transitivity Who is credited with much of the pioneering research in stimulus equivalence? - Answer- Murray Sidman Matching to sample procedure arranges a four-term contingency. Sample stimulus (antecedent stimuli) Correct comparison (antecedent stimuli) Selection Response Reinforcer The performance produced by this four-term contingency is known as? - Answer- conditional discrimination NAME A TYPE OF NONEQUIVALENCE RELATION - Answer- distinction relations, spatial and temporal relations, causal relations What are the two types of models that are part of imitation? - Answer- planned and unplanned Which one of these is not a condition for imitation? Immediacy; formal similarity; Mirroring; or Model producing the controlling response - Answer- mirroring With an understanding of the imitation process, applied behavior analysts can use imitation as an intervention to: a.) Eliminate Old Behaviors b.) Evoke New behaviors c.) Create teaching sequences d.) Reinforce appropriate behaviors - Answer- b.) Evoke New behaviors The controlling variable for an imitative behavior is: a.) An operative behavior b.)An imitative response chain c.) A model d.) A pre-task - Answer- c.) A model Learning to purchase a soda from a vending machine by first watching someone else purchase a soda would be an example of: a.) Planned echoic stimuli b.) Unplanned echoic stimuli c.) Planned models d.) Unplanned models - Answer- d.) Unplanned models When a child picks up a fork immediately after observing her father pick up a fork, this imitative behavior has: a.) Planned similarity b.) Unplanned similarity c.) Formal similarity d.) Informal similarity - Answer- c.) Formal similarity Regardless of the behavior modeled, the objective of imitation training is for the learner to do what? a.) What the model does b.) What the trainer asked or commanded c.) What behavior fits the situation d.) What behavior will receive reinforcement - Answer- a.) What the model does Potential learners cannot imitate if they do not have this prerequisite skill: a.) The behavior in their repertoire b.) Attending to the model c.) Decrease in problem behavior d.) Ability to define the behavior - Answer- b.) Attending to the model The two key procedural components of shaping are: - Answer- differential reinforcement and successive approximations What behavior dimensions can you change with differential reinforcement? - Answer- topography, rate, latency, duration, interresponse time and magnitude What are the two exceptions to components in a behavior chain serving a dual function? - Answer- first and last responses. They are either a conditioned reinforcer or a discriminative stimulus, not both What is the purpose of validating a task analysis? - Answer- determining the sequence of behaviors that are necessary and sufficient to complete a given task efficiently List one of 3 methods to validate a task analysis. - Answer- observe competent individuals perform the desired sequence of behaviors. Consult with experts or person skilled in performing the task. Perform the behaviors yourself True or False - Task Analysis involves breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially order steps or behaviors. - Answer- true How should a task analysis be individualized? - Answer- According to age, skill level, experience of the person in question True or False - Chaining can be used to add behaviors to an existing behavioral repertoire? - Answer- true _____________A type of stimulus to stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus. This is a prerequisite to stimulus equivalence, generalized identity matching. - Answer- reflexivity _____________ refers to the two way relationship of matching. For example, show a picture of a bird and say "bird." Point to the picture of the bird, and the subject says "bird." After training of a relationship in one direction, the organism derives the untrained relationship in the reverse direction - Answer- symmetry When designing equivalence based instruction, what are the two types of design considerations you should begin with? - Answer- training considerations and testing considerations Match-to-sample confirms which concept of stimulus equivalence? - Answer- reflexivity Juda learns how to match a picture of a dog to an identical picture of a dog. Which concept of stimulus equivalence did we confirm? - Answer- reflexivity Micha is taught that the spoken word "cat" is a wonderful, fluffy animal with whiskers and a tail. Later, he is taught to write c-a-t when he hears the spoken word "cat". The next time he sees a wonderful cat he shouts "Cat! C-A-T!". Which concept of stimulus equivalence did we confirm? - Answer- transitivity Julie was taught that the book on the shelf was called an "encyclopedia". When asked, "what is this?" she can say "encyclopedia." Which of the following would NOT have to be directly taught? a. how to break down syllables of the word encyclopedia b. how to spell encyclopedia c. How to get an encyclopedia off the shelf (among dictionaries and magazines) when asked to get one - Answer- How to get an encyclopedia off the shelf (among dictionaries and magazines) when asked to get one The encyclopedia question demonstrated which concept of stimulus equivalence? - Answer- symmetry Which of the following is an example of imitation? a. a child turns on the tv with the remote after school, which is typical of their routine. b. the RBT claps her hands and then physically prompts the child to clap their hands. c. The RBT says "Do this" and claps her hands. the child claps her hands d. A child throws leaves on a slide. His peer watches and picks up some leaves and throws it on the slide, too - Answer- d. A child throws leaves on a slide. His peer watches and picks up some leaves and throws it on the slide, too A child has now imitated at least 10 models. The behavior analyst wants to move on to a new goal. Which would you recommend the analyst select next? a. modeling hand washing for imitation b. modeling social skills for imitation c. modeling 2-step movements for imitation - Answer- modeling 2-step movements for imitation Which of the scenarios below is the best example of relational responding? a. when thirsty at a bbq, you find an alcoholic beverage in the cooler b. when thirsty at a bbq, you feel around for the coldest beer in the cooler, c. when thirsty at a bbq, you find your regular craft beer fav in the cooler - Answer- when thirsty at a bbq, you feel around for the coldest beer in the cooler You are asked to sort 3 triangles of different colors in the same size. In order to get it correct, what do you need? - Answer- contextual cue T/F Several specials are capable of relational responding - Answer- true A client you are working with does not know all the steps to wash his hands after using the bathroom, a chain he must complete every time he attempts it for hygiene reasons. What procedure should you use for this particular chain of behaviors? - Answer- total task chaining You are helping a client learn a new skill needed to obtain a job in an industry that you are unfamiliar with. To validate your task analysis, the best option would be - Answer- consult with experts in that field A behavior analyst is assessing the client's ability to put on a jacket. After the prompt, the behavior analyst records every step of the task analysis that the client did correctly but helped to complete the steps not completed correctly or within a certain time. The behavior analyst is assessing master using: - Answer- multiple opportunity method You are working with a client who is being taught how to use the toilet using a forward-chaining method. The client can perform all the steps at home 100% of the time but attempts to flush the toilet before urinating in the school bathroom. What is one method you can use to establish the correct chain in the new location? - Answer- breaking the inappropriate chain and re-examining the Sd's A client working in a factory setting has been successfully trained to put together pens piece by piece. He is doing well until the color of the pen ink changes. What is one thing the BCBA should have considered when training this sk