3006PSY UPDATED FINAL EXAM || with 100% Error-free
Solutions.
experts have more narrow defintion that is driven by motivation.
Lay people have more broad defintion that is driven by intrapersonal aspects but their definitions
change over the course of development.
they both defined problem solving, verbal ability and social competence as important. correct
answers What is the difference between the lay public and expert definitions of intelligence?
They reflect personal definitions and assumptions about IQ.
They emphasis interpersonal skills + perspective taking + social competence.
they are affected by age of person, background and culture. correct answers What are lay
theories of intelligence and what are they affected by?
1) Galton: higher intelligence = higher sensory abilities.
2) Binet: disagreed. said multiple components of intelligence. reasoning, judgement, memory
and abstraction.
3) weschler: intelligence includes verbal and perfromance abilities.
4) piaget: intelligence evolving bio adaption to outside world.
5) spearman: said IQ tests had overlap (general intellectual ability "g")
6) Gardner: said traditional IQ tests only measured subset of intelligence. said there were
multiple intelligence. correct answers What is the history of the expert intelligence definitions?
includes
1) body kinetics
2) musical intelligence
3) intrapersonal intelligence
4) interpersonal intelligence
5) naturalistic intelligence correct answers What is Gardners theory of multiple intelligence?
intelligence is a multifacet capacity that includes that ability too
1) acquire knowledge
2) reason logically and plan effectively
3) grape and visualise concepts
4) find right words and thoughts
5) cope and adjust to novel situations correct answers What would we consider a general
defintion of intelligence?
it is a complex concept by which hereditary and environment are presumed to interact with and
influence development of intelligence. correct answers what is interactionalism?
,to devise appropriate measures, evaluate measures, and ensure assessment covers construct
sufficiently. correct answers Why is it important to know the structure of intelligence?
It was invented by Pearson in 1901 and further developed by spearman in 1904.
it is a family of statistical techniques used to examine correlations among variables, items and or
tests.
the two types include
1) exploratory factor analysis = used when want to know the structure
2) confirmatory factor analysis = used when want to confirm structure with a different sample.
this played a powerful role in shaping 20th-century development and understanding of the
structure of intelligence. correct answers What is factor analysis and what are the two types?
it identifies underlying dimensions in data. for example, how many personality factors are there,
or does intelligence consist of one factor or more?
it investigates correlations among variables and groups them together to create factors.
for example item 1 (sociability), item 2 (outgoing), and item 3 (optimism) correlate with each
other. therefore they are factor 1 (Extraversion) etc. correct answers What is exploratory factor
analysis?
1st order factors = individual items
2nd order factors = correlation groups of individual items.
3rd order factors = correlation between 2nd order factors. correct answers How do 1st order, 2nd
order and third order factors differ?
Look at what items are correlated together (e.g. being talkative and being social). If they are
correlated they will be a factor (e.g. extraversion). correct answers How can we work out how
many factor there are in factor analysis based off of a correlation table?
Fluid intelligence (Gc)
- is the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns
- largely non-verbal and culture reduced form of mental efficiency.
- It stays the same in cognitively healthy people.
Crystallised intelligence (Gc)
- the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
- Highly culturally dependent and used for tasks that require a learned response.
- peaks in 30s. correct answers What are fluid and crystallised intelligence?
The extension included an extended number of second tier factors but still no g.
the additional factors included
, 1) Quantitative knowledge
2) reading and writing
3) short term memory
4) visual processing
5) auditory processing
6) long term retrieval
7) processing speed
8) correct decision speed correct answers What was the extension of catell and horns model?
1) spearman 2 factor theory: performance determined by general intelligence (g) and specific
intelligence (s). many tests heavily g.
2) Thurston's PMA theory: said there was no g but several factors (7 validated). found inter-
relations between them and thus later accepted g's existent. his theory was not used.
3) Vernon: provided a link between Thurston and spearman. proposed heretical group structure.
that included overarching factor (like g), 2 grouping factors and minor factors, and specific
factors (like spearman s)
4) cattle and horn: Used Factor analysis. said there were no g or group factors. there was fluid
(GF) and crystallised intelligence (GC) . said G was reflected in GF and GC but not a third-order
factor.
5) Caroll: reviewed factor analytic research and revised the catell and horn model with the main
difference being g was the overarching factor. called this 3 strata model of cog ability. correct
answers What is the history of the structure of intelligence?
1) integrates all 3 models.
2) has 10 broad stratum and over 70 narrows.
3) each broad stratum subsumes 2 or more narrow abilities.
some broad factors include
1) domain-specific knowledge
2) psycho-motor speed
3) olfactory abilities
4) tactile abilities
5) kinaesthetic abilities
6) psycho-motor abilities. correct answers What is the CHC theory of intelligence and some
broad factors?
heritability
- twin studies show strong biological contribution.
- in realistic environments 50% variance in intelligence for adults (children more influenced by
social aspects)
gender
Solutions.
experts have more narrow defintion that is driven by motivation.
Lay people have more broad defintion that is driven by intrapersonal aspects but their definitions
change over the course of development.
they both defined problem solving, verbal ability and social competence as important. correct
answers What is the difference between the lay public and expert definitions of intelligence?
They reflect personal definitions and assumptions about IQ.
They emphasis interpersonal skills + perspective taking + social competence.
they are affected by age of person, background and culture. correct answers What are lay
theories of intelligence and what are they affected by?
1) Galton: higher intelligence = higher sensory abilities.
2) Binet: disagreed. said multiple components of intelligence. reasoning, judgement, memory
and abstraction.
3) weschler: intelligence includes verbal and perfromance abilities.
4) piaget: intelligence evolving bio adaption to outside world.
5) spearman: said IQ tests had overlap (general intellectual ability "g")
6) Gardner: said traditional IQ tests only measured subset of intelligence. said there were
multiple intelligence. correct answers What is the history of the expert intelligence definitions?
includes
1) body kinetics
2) musical intelligence
3) intrapersonal intelligence
4) interpersonal intelligence
5) naturalistic intelligence correct answers What is Gardners theory of multiple intelligence?
intelligence is a multifacet capacity that includes that ability too
1) acquire knowledge
2) reason logically and plan effectively
3) grape and visualise concepts
4) find right words and thoughts
5) cope and adjust to novel situations correct answers What would we consider a general
defintion of intelligence?
it is a complex concept by which hereditary and environment are presumed to interact with and
influence development of intelligence. correct answers what is interactionalism?
,to devise appropriate measures, evaluate measures, and ensure assessment covers construct
sufficiently. correct answers Why is it important to know the structure of intelligence?
It was invented by Pearson in 1901 and further developed by spearman in 1904.
it is a family of statistical techniques used to examine correlations among variables, items and or
tests.
the two types include
1) exploratory factor analysis = used when want to know the structure
2) confirmatory factor analysis = used when want to confirm structure with a different sample.
this played a powerful role in shaping 20th-century development and understanding of the
structure of intelligence. correct answers What is factor analysis and what are the two types?
it identifies underlying dimensions in data. for example, how many personality factors are there,
or does intelligence consist of one factor or more?
it investigates correlations among variables and groups them together to create factors.
for example item 1 (sociability), item 2 (outgoing), and item 3 (optimism) correlate with each
other. therefore they are factor 1 (Extraversion) etc. correct answers What is exploratory factor
analysis?
1st order factors = individual items
2nd order factors = correlation groups of individual items.
3rd order factors = correlation between 2nd order factors. correct answers How do 1st order, 2nd
order and third order factors differ?
Look at what items are correlated together (e.g. being talkative and being social). If they are
correlated they will be a factor (e.g. extraversion). correct answers How can we work out how
many factor there are in factor analysis based off of a correlation table?
Fluid intelligence (Gc)
- is the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns
- largely non-verbal and culture reduced form of mental efficiency.
- It stays the same in cognitively healthy people.
Crystallised intelligence (Gc)
- the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
- Highly culturally dependent and used for tasks that require a learned response.
- peaks in 30s. correct answers What are fluid and crystallised intelligence?
The extension included an extended number of second tier factors but still no g.
the additional factors included
, 1) Quantitative knowledge
2) reading and writing
3) short term memory
4) visual processing
5) auditory processing
6) long term retrieval
7) processing speed
8) correct decision speed correct answers What was the extension of catell and horns model?
1) spearman 2 factor theory: performance determined by general intelligence (g) and specific
intelligence (s). many tests heavily g.
2) Thurston's PMA theory: said there was no g but several factors (7 validated). found inter-
relations between them and thus later accepted g's existent. his theory was not used.
3) Vernon: provided a link between Thurston and spearman. proposed heretical group structure.
that included overarching factor (like g), 2 grouping factors and minor factors, and specific
factors (like spearman s)
4) cattle and horn: Used Factor analysis. said there were no g or group factors. there was fluid
(GF) and crystallised intelligence (GC) . said G was reflected in GF and GC but not a third-order
factor.
5) Caroll: reviewed factor analytic research and revised the catell and horn model with the main
difference being g was the overarching factor. called this 3 strata model of cog ability. correct
answers What is the history of the structure of intelligence?
1) integrates all 3 models.
2) has 10 broad stratum and over 70 narrows.
3) each broad stratum subsumes 2 or more narrow abilities.
some broad factors include
1) domain-specific knowledge
2) psycho-motor speed
3) olfactory abilities
4) tactile abilities
5) kinaesthetic abilities
6) psycho-motor abilities. correct answers What is the CHC theory of intelligence and some
broad factors?
heritability
- twin studies show strong biological contribution.
- in realistic environments 50% variance in intelligence for adults (children more influenced by
social aspects)
gender
