English medical module 2
1 Cardiology................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Combining forms...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Commonly treated organs........................................................................................................................ 3
1.6 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Abbreviations........................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Hematology............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Combining forms...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Components of blood............................................................................................................................. 12
2.7 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 12
3 Immunology............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.4 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.6 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 16
4 Pulmonology........................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.5 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 18
4.6 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 19
4.7 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 21
5 Gastroenterology.................................................................................................................................... 23
5.1 introduction............................................................................................................................................ 23
5.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 23
5.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 23
5.4 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 24
5.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 25
5.6 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 26
Pagina 1 van 26
,1 Cardiology
1.1 Introduction
= the diagnosis and treatment of diseases & conditions affecting the cardiovascular system.
Cardiologists: treating conditions such as coronary artery disease (arteriosclerosis), cardiac arrhythmias,
hypertension, heart valve disease, …
Cardiovascular technologists: allied health professionals who work alongside the cardiologist. They
perform or assist in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography,
echocardiography, exercise stress testing and cardiac catheterization.
The cardiovascular system: heart + blood vessels
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, contracts to push blood through the blood vessels to
transport substances such as oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to all areas of the body.
3 types of blood vessels:
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, which is delivered to capillary beds
Veins: carry blood back to the heart, after exiting capillary beds
Capillaries: the narrowest blood vessels and the point at which oxygen and nutrients are delivered
to and wastes are picked up from the local tissues
1.2 Combining forms
Combining form Meaning
Angi/o Vessel
Aort/o Aorta
Arteri/o Artery
Arteriol/o Arteriole (small artery)
Ather/o Fatty substance, plaque bv. Cholesterol
Atri/o Atrium (boezem)
Cardi/o heart
Coron/o
Embol/o Plug (prop)
Isch/o To hold back
Phleb/o Vein
Ven/o
Sphygm/o Pulse
Steth/o Chest
Thromb/o Clot (klonter)
Valv/o valve
Valvul/o
Varic/o Dilated vein (spatader)
Vas/o Blood vessel
Vascul/o
Ventricul/o Ventricle (kamer)
Venul/o Venule (small vein)
Cutane/o Skin
Electr/o Electricity
Esophag/o Oesophagus
My/o Muscle
Pulmon/o Lung
Son/o Sound
1.3 Suffixes
Suffix Meaning
Ac (cardiac) Pertaining to
Al (arterial, atrial)
Ar (arteriolar, valvular, vascular, ventricular,
venular)
Ary (coronary)
Eal
Ic (aortic, thrombotic)
Ose (varicose)
Pagina 2 van 26
, Ous (venous)
Tic (aortic)
Dynia Pain
Ectomy Surgical removal
Emia Blood condition
Genic Producing
Gram Record
Graphy Process of recording
Ia Condition
Ism State of
Itis Inflammation
Logist One who studies
Logy Study of
Lysis To destroy
Lytic Destruction
Manometer Instrument to measure pressure
Megaly Enlarged
Ole Small
Ule
Oma Tumour, mass
Osis Abnormal condition
Otomy Cutting into
Pathy Disease
Plasty Surgical repair
Rrhaphy Suture
Rrhexis Rupture
Sclerosis Hardening
Scope Instrument for viewing
Spasm Involuntary muscle contraction
Stenosis Narrowing
1.4 Prefixes
Prefix Meaning
A Without
Brady Slow
Endo Within, inner
Hyper Excessive
Hypo Below, insufficient
Inter Between
Intra Within
Per Through
Peri Around
Poly Many
Tachy Fast
Trans Across
Ultra Excess
1.5 Commonly treated organs
Most important parts:
Difference between artery & vein
Heart consist of 4 parts
4 valves, 2 atriums, 2 ventricles
Endocardium, myocardium & pericardium
Septum
Apex: bottom side of the heart
Pagina 3 van 26
1 Cardiology................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Combining forms...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Commonly treated organs........................................................................................................................ 3
1.6 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Abbreviations........................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Hematology............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Combining forms...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Components of blood............................................................................................................................. 12
2.7 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 12
3 Immunology............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.4 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.6 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 16
4 Pulmonology........................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Prefixes.................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.5 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 18
4.6 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 19
4.7 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 21
5 Gastroenterology.................................................................................................................................... 23
5.1 introduction............................................................................................................................................ 23
5.2 Combining forms.................................................................................................................................... 23
5.3 Suffixes.................................................................................................................................................. 23
5.4 Commonly treated organs...................................................................................................................... 24
5.5 Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 25
5.6 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... 26
Pagina 1 van 26
,1 Cardiology
1.1 Introduction
= the diagnosis and treatment of diseases & conditions affecting the cardiovascular system.
Cardiologists: treating conditions such as coronary artery disease (arteriosclerosis), cardiac arrhythmias,
hypertension, heart valve disease, …
Cardiovascular technologists: allied health professionals who work alongside the cardiologist. They
perform or assist in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography,
echocardiography, exercise stress testing and cardiac catheterization.
The cardiovascular system: heart + blood vessels
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, contracts to push blood through the blood vessels to
transport substances such as oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to all areas of the body.
3 types of blood vessels:
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, which is delivered to capillary beds
Veins: carry blood back to the heart, after exiting capillary beds
Capillaries: the narrowest blood vessels and the point at which oxygen and nutrients are delivered
to and wastes are picked up from the local tissues
1.2 Combining forms
Combining form Meaning
Angi/o Vessel
Aort/o Aorta
Arteri/o Artery
Arteriol/o Arteriole (small artery)
Ather/o Fatty substance, plaque bv. Cholesterol
Atri/o Atrium (boezem)
Cardi/o heart
Coron/o
Embol/o Plug (prop)
Isch/o To hold back
Phleb/o Vein
Ven/o
Sphygm/o Pulse
Steth/o Chest
Thromb/o Clot (klonter)
Valv/o valve
Valvul/o
Varic/o Dilated vein (spatader)
Vas/o Blood vessel
Vascul/o
Ventricul/o Ventricle (kamer)
Venul/o Venule (small vein)
Cutane/o Skin
Electr/o Electricity
Esophag/o Oesophagus
My/o Muscle
Pulmon/o Lung
Son/o Sound
1.3 Suffixes
Suffix Meaning
Ac (cardiac) Pertaining to
Al (arterial, atrial)
Ar (arteriolar, valvular, vascular, ventricular,
venular)
Ary (coronary)
Eal
Ic (aortic, thrombotic)
Ose (varicose)
Pagina 2 van 26
, Ous (venous)
Tic (aortic)
Dynia Pain
Ectomy Surgical removal
Emia Blood condition
Genic Producing
Gram Record
Graphy Process of recording
Ia Condition
Ism State of
Itis Inflammation
Logist One who studies
Logy Study of
Lysis To destroy
Lytic Destruction
Manometer Instrument to measure pressure
Megaly Enlarged
Ole Small
Ule
Oma Tumour, mass
Osis Abnormal condition
Otomy Cutting into
Pathy Disease
Plasty Surgical repair
Rrhaphy Suture
Rrhexis Rupture
Sclerosis Hardening
Scope Instrument for viewing
Spasm Involuntary muscle contraction
Stenosis Narrowing
1.4 Prefixes
Prefix Meaning
A Without
Brady Slow
Endo Within, inner
Hyper Excessive
Hypo Below, insufficient
Inter Between
Intra Within
Per Through
Peri Around
Poly Many
Tachy Fast
Trans Across
Ultra Excess
1.5 Commonly treated organs
Most important parts:
Difference between artery & vein
Heart consist of 4 parts
4 valves, 2 atriums, 2 ventricles
Endocardium, myocardium & pericardium
Septum
Apex: bottom side of the heart
Pagina 3 van 26
