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AQA A-level psychology HUMANISTIC APPROACH NOTES
AQA Psychology Paper 1 Summary Grid
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A/AS Level
AQA
Psychology
Schizophrenia
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Q1.
Briefly outline family dysfunction as an explanation for schizophrenia.
(Total 2 marks)
Q2.
‘In an important and influential criticism of the diagnosis of mental illness, Rosenhan
(1973) showed that healthy ‘pseudopatients’ could gain admission to psychiatric hospital
by pretending to have auditory hallucinations. Although systems of classification and
diagnosis have changed considerably since the 1970s, many people still have concerns
about their accuracy and appropriateness.’
Discuss issues surrounding the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q3.
‘Therapies can be time-consuming and, in some cases, uncomfortable for the client. It is,
therefore, very important to offer the most appropriate and effective type of treatment.’
Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q4.
Evaluate psychological explanations of schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q5.
Outline one psychological explanation of schizophrenia.
(Total 4 marks)
Q6.
‘There is considerable evidence that schizophrenia is caused by biological factors. These
can be genetic, neuroanatomical, biochemical, viral or a combination of such factors’.
Discuss biological explanations of schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q7.
Discuss issues associated with the classification and / or diagnosis of
schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q8.
Describe and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia. Refer to evidence in your
answer.
(Total 16 marks)
Page 1 of 34
,Q9.
Explain how family dysfunction might be involved in schizophrenia. Refer to one or more
types of family dysfunction in your answer.
(Total 4 marks)
Q10.
Outline and compare two treatments for schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q11.
Discuss biological explanations for schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q12.
Outline and evaluate one or more psychological explanations for schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q13.
Read the item and then answer the questions that follow.
Two years ago Jenny was diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has
been taking a typical antipsychotic drug and there have been
improvements in her positive symptoms. However she still suffers
negative symptoms and side effects. Her psychiatrist wants to
change her medication from typical antipsychotics to one of the
atypical antipsychotics and has also suggested cognitive
behavioural therapy.
(a) Outline one negative symptom of schizophrenia.
(2)
(b) With reference to the item above, explain why Jenny’s psychiatrist wants to move
her on to one of the atypical antipsychotics.
(4)
(c) Briefly explain one advantage of cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of
schizophrenia.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q14.
Discuss token economies as a method used in the management of schizophrenia.
(Total 8 marks)
Q15.
Name and briefly outline one negative symptom of schizophrenia.
(Total 2 marks)
Page 2 of 34
,Q16.
Apart from effectiveness, briefly explain one limitation of drug therapy for schizophrenia.
(Total 2 marks)
Q17.
A researcher investigated the effectiveness of typical and atypical psychotics in
schizophrenia patients with either negative or positive symptoms.
Percentages of patients with either negative or positive symptoms, responding well
to typical or atypical antipsychotics.
Number of Number of
patients patients
responding well to responding well to
atypical typical
antipsychotics antipsychotics
Patients with
negative 30 16
symptoms
Patients with
positive 60 60
symptoms
What does the data in the table seem to show about the effectiveness of typical and
atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?
(Total 4 marks)
Q18.
Discuss reliability and/or validity in relation to the diagnosis and classification of
schizophrenia.
(Total 8 marks)
Q19.
Discuss biological explanations for schizophrenia.
(Total 16 marks)
Q20.
Briefly outline how cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is used to treat schizophrenia and
explain one limitation of using CBT to treat schizophrenia.
(Total 4 marks)
Q21.
Read the item and then answer the question that follows.
Louise comes from a family with a history of schizophrenia, as both her
Page 3 of 34
, grandfather and an aunt have been diagnosed with the disorder. Louise’s
father has recently died from cancer and she has just moved out of the family
home to start a university course. Although she has always been healthy in
the past, she has just begun to experience symptoms of schizophrenia, such
as delusions and hallucinations.
Using your knowledge of schizophrenia, explain why Louise is now showing symptoms of
schizophrenia.
(Total 4 marks)
Q22.
Outline and evaluate the use of antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia.
(Total 8 marks)
Q23.
Briefly discuss two limitations of the family dysfunction explanation for schizophrenia.
(Total 6 marks)
Q24.
Jack has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.
He describes his family background to his therapist:
‘I could never talk to mum. She fussed over me all the time. I tried to do what she said, but
could never please her. One minute she seemed all affectionate and the next minute she
would make nasty comments. My dad hated all the arguments and stayed out of it.’
Describe the family dysfunction explanation for schizophrenia and explain how Jack’s
experiences can be linked to the family dysfunction explanation.
(Total 8 marks)
Q25.
Below are four evaluative statements about token economies as used in the treatment of
schizophrenia. Which statement is TRUE?
A Token economies can be used effectively in any
environment.
B Token economies have a positive effect on thinking.
C Token economies help to promote acceptable
behaviours.
D Token economies address the cause of the problem.
(Total 1 mark)
Q26.
In a study of communication, researchers used a language rating scale to compare two
groups of participants. Participants in Group A were a volunteer sample of people from a
self-help group for people with schizophrenia. Participants in Group B, the control group,
Page 4 of 34
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