Resume

Summary Notes resumant les cours d'ATPL Théorique du certificat "Meteorology"

4 fois vendu

Cours
ATPL Théorique

Établissement
ATPL Théorique

Notes resumant les cours d'ATPL Théorique du certificat "Meteorology" et servant de support durant le cursus ATPL théorique

[Montrer plus]

Aperçu 4 sur 50 pages

Voir l'exemple

Publié le 3 octobre 2022
Nombre de pages 50
Écrit en 2020/2021
Type Resume

13,48 €

Ajouter au panier

Enregistrer

Garantie de satisfaction à 100%
Disponible immédiatement après paiement
En ligne et en PDF
Tu n'es attaché à rien

MET
1
–
THE
ATMOSPHERE

CONVERSION
FACTORS
LAPSE
RATES
TROPOPAUSE

• 1
nm
=
6080
ft
=
1.852
km
• Normal
+ve
lapse
rate.
(Decreases
approx
• Separates
troposphere
from
stratosphere

• 1
m
=
3.28
ft
(x3,
+
10%)
20C
/
1000ft)
• Marks
the
point
where
temperature
stops

• Surface
inversion,
-‐ve
lapse
rate.
falling
(average
-‐56.5
/
11km
(36,000ft).

• Inversion
aloft,
+ve
lapse
rate
• Height
varies
with
temperature.

COMPOSITION
• Isothermal
(no
change
with
altitude)
• At
poles:
25,000
ft
/
7.5
km
/
Surface
-‐100C
/

Tropo
Temp
-‐450C

• Atmosphere
has
no
specific
upper
limit.
• Equator:
55,000ft
/
17
km
/
Surface
+400C
/

• Nitrogen
(N2)

78%
Tropo
Temp
-‐750C

• Oxygen
(O2)

21%
• The
‘steps’
in
the
tropopause
give
rise
to

• Argon
(A)

0.93%
strong
upper
winds
(jet
sreams)

• Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
0.03%
• Higher
in
summer
compared
to
winter.

• Hydrogen
(H)
Trace
STRATOSPHERE

• Ozone
(O3)

Filters
and
absorbs
UV

• Water
Vap
(H2O)
Gas
state
of
water
• Isothermal
then
an
increase
with
height
due
to

• Solid
particles
Pollution*
Ozone
layer
heating.

• Only
contains
about
1%
of
atmospheres
water

vapour
so
is
absolutely
stable
with
very
little

• Concentration
%
of
gases
remains
constant

weather.

with
the
exception
of
water
vapour
which

• Stratosphere
extends
from
11
km
–
50
km
at

decreases
with
altitude.
mid
latitudes.

TRPOPOSPHERE
• Reaches
00C
at
stratopause.

VARIATIONS
WITH
HEIGHT

• Almost
all
water
vapour
within
the

• Pressure
decreases
with
height.
atmosphere
is
contained
here
and
hence

• Density
decreases
with
height.
this
is
where
most
of
the
weather
occurs.

• Temperature
varies
with
height.
• +ve
lapse
rate

ATMOSPHERIC
PROPERTIES

• Air
is
a
poor
conductor
of
heat.

• The

gases
within
the
atmosphere
obey
the

gas
laws.

, MET
3
–
HEAT
&
TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE
SCALES
SOLAR
RADIATION
HEAT
TRANSFER

• Celsius
:
Freeze
0
C
/
Boil
100
0
C

0
• Short
wave
radiation
• Conduction

• Farenheight:
Freeze
32
0
F
/
Boil
212
0
F
• Only
occurs
during
daytime
• Convection
(due
density
changes)

• Kelvin:
Freeze
273
K
/
Boil
373
K
• Only
about
45%
of
the
radiation
actually
• Advection
(horizontal
movement
of
air)

reaches
the
surface
of
the
earth:
• Latent
heat
(absorbed
if
melt
/
evaporate)

!
• C
à
F:
!𝐶 𝑥 !! + 32
o Absorbed
by
atmosphere
and
clouds

o Scattered
by
atmosphere
• Irregular
mixing
of
convection
and

• C
à
K:
+273
(Approx
double,
add
30)

o Scattered
and
reflected
by
clouds
advection
gives
rise
to
turbulence.

o Reflected
by
earth
(albedo
effect
–

• Celsius
is
used
for
meteorological
purposes
greatest
snow
/
smallest
rainforest)

• Heats
the
surface
of
the
earth
which
then
DIURNAL
VARIATION

REPORTING
TEMPERATURE
heats
the
air
through
conduction
etc.

• Daily
changes
of
temperature
=
DV

• Temperature
is
rounded
when
reported.

INSOLATION
• Max
temp
=
Noon
+
2
Hrs

• 2.2
becomes
2

• Min
temp
=
Sunrise
+
30
mins

• 2.5
becomes
3

• The
amount
of
solar
radiation
incident
on
a
• Factors
affecting
DV:

• -‐2.5
becomes
M2

unit
area
of
the
earth’s
surface.
o Wind
–
Strong
wind
reduces
max
+
min

• -‐0.5
becomes
M0

• Affected
by:
o Cloud
–
Clouds
reduces
max
+
min

o Angle
of
incidence
(wider
at
poles)
o Surface
–
Oceans
have
very
small
DV,

MEASURING
TEMPERATURE
o Nature
of
surface
(sand
vs
water)
deserts
have
the
max
DV.

o Transparency
of
atmos.
(cloud,
dust)
• Max
DV
occurs
(inversion
also
likely)
with:

• Measured
with
a
Stevenson
Screen.
o Calm
winds

• Measured
at
a
height
of
4ft
AGL
(avoids
o Clear
conditions

ground
heating).
RADIATION
FROM
EARTH
o Over
land
(especially
dry
ground)

• Long
wave
radiation

NOCTURNAL
/
TERRESTRIAL
• Occurs
24
Hrs

RADIATION
INVERSION
• Negligible
during
day
due
to
solar
radiation.

• Net
outflow
of
heat
at
night
=
surface
cools

• Occurs
with
weak
winds
and
• Too
high
concentrations
of
carbon
dioxide
and

clear
skies
at
night.
water
vapour
(greenhouse
gases)
act
like
a

• Creates
a
large
outbound
radiation
blanket
and
can
leading
to
warming.

and

surface
is
cooled.
• A
calm
and
clear
night
will
be
cooler
than
a

cloudy
night
as
radiation
from
Earth’s
surface
is

• Warmer
air
above
leads
to
an
allowed
to
slip
into
space.

inversion.

,
MET
2
–
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ATMOSPHERE

LATENT
HEAT
ISA
TEMPERATURE
ISA
PRESSURE

Water
Vapour
• MSL
Temp
=
+15
0C
• MSL
Pressure
=
1013.25
hPa
/
29.92
in
Hg

Liquid
• +
ve
Lapse
Rate
(MSL
–
11km)
• Lapse
Rate
(MSL
–
5.5
km)

Solid
o 1.980C
/
1000
ft
||
6.50C
/
1
km
o 27
ft/
hPa
||
8
m
/
hPa

• Lapse
Rate
(11
–
20
km):
-‐56.5
0C
• Lapse
Rate
(5.5
km
+):

• Going
up
the
steps
requires
energy
so
latent
• +
ve
Lapse
Rate
(20
–
32km)
o 50
ft/
hPa
||
15
m
/
hPa

heat
is
absorbed.
o 0.30C
/
1000
ft
||
10C
/
1
km
• Half
Pressure
=
5.5
km
/
18,000
ft

• Substance
stays
the
same
temperature
but
o A.K.A
Inversion
o =>
Half
the
mass
of
the
atmosphere
can

the
temperature
of
the
surroundings
is

be
found
in
the
lowest
5.5
km
(EASA
use

changed.
5km
sometimes)

• Convection
and
condensation
contribute

most
to
atmospheric
waraming.

• Polar
00
isotherm:
0
ft

• Temperate
00
isotherm:
6,000
–
10,000
ft

• Tropical
00C
isotherm:
16,000
–
18,000
ft
ISA
PRESSURE
VALUES

JSA
• 30,000
ft

300
hPa

• 18,000
ft

500
hPa

• Jet
Standard
Atmosphere
• 10,000
ft

700
hPa

WHY
ISA?
• 5,000
ft

850
hPa

• Constant
20C
/
1000
ft
for
planning

• 0
ft

1013.25
hPa

• International
Standard

• Relate
performance
of
a/c
to
know
values
ISA
DENSITY

• Calibration
of
pressure
instruments

ISA
DEVIATION

• Manufacture
and
testing
of
a/c
• MSL
Density
=
1.225
kg
/
m3

• Half
Density
=
20,000
ft
• ISA
Deviation
=
Ambient
(OAT)
-‐
ISA

,
MET
4
–
ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE

VARIATION
OF
PRESSURE
WITH
HEIGHT
APLR
DIURNAL
VARIATION

• The
rate
of
pressure
decrease
will
reduce
• Ambient
Pressure
Lapse
Rate
• Amplitude
greatest
at
equator
(~
3
hPa)

as
height
increases.
𝟗𝟔𝑲
• 𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑹 = 𝑷
• Mid
Latitudes:
~
0.5
–
1
hPa

• As
altitude
increases,
the
weight
of
the
• Poles:
Negligible

• K
=
Mean
temperature
in
Kelvin

atmosphere
above
you
will
decrease.

• P
=
Mean
pressure

• Pressure
at
MSL
is
1000
hPa
and
temperature

PRESSURE
VARIATION
WITH
is
+20
0C.
An
aircraft
is
flying
at
the
910
hPa

TEMPERATURE
level
where
temperature
is
-‐6
0C.
What
height

is
it
flying
at?

• Cold
air
is
more
dense
so
more
rapid
• Mean
pressure
=
(1000-‐910)/2
=
955
hPa

decrease
in
pressure
with
height.
• Mean
temperature
=
[(20)+(-‐6)]/2
=
+7
=

• Warm
air
is
less
dense
so
slower
decrease
280
K
PRESSURE
MEASUREMENTS

in
pressure
with
height
(compared
to
ISA).
• APLR
=
[(96x280)/955]
=
28.15
ft
/
hPa

• When
flying
from
ISA
to
colder
air,
aircraft
• Pressure
difference
is
(1000
–
910)
=
90
hPa
• QFE:
Pressure
observed
at
a
specific

will
descend
but
still
show
18,000ft.
High
to
• 90
x
28.15
=
2533.5
ft
AMSL
location
with
a
datum
of
0
ft.

low,
watch
out
below!

• QFF:
QFE
changed
to
MSL
pressure
using

• The
pressure
in
a
column
of
warm
air
is
• An
APLR
<
27’
/
hPa
=
Cold
Air
APLR.
Used
on
synoptic
chart.

likely
to
be
greater
than
the
pressure
at
the
• An
APLR
>
27’
/
hPa
=
Warm
Air
!"#$"%&' !"#$!!
o +/ − 𝑄𝐹𝐸 = 𝑄𝐹𝐹

same
height
in
a
cold
column
of
air.

!"#$
o 𝐴dd
if
airfield
is
above
MSL

• Shortest
distance
between
two
pressure
• QNH:
QFE
changed
to
MSL
pressure
using

levels
occurs
when
pressure
increases
and
ISA
lapse
rates.

temperature
decreases.
!"#$"%&' !"#$!!
o !"
+/ − 𝑄𝐹𝐸 = 𝑄𝑁𝐻

o 𝐴dd
if
airfield
is
above
MSL

Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.

L’achat facile et rapide

Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.

Focus sur l’essentiel

Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.

Foire aux questions

Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?

Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.

Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?

Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.

Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?

Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur AsimEres. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.

Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?

Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour 13,48 €. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.

Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?

4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)

66184 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours

Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 15 ans

Commencez à vendre!

Récemment vu par vous

Notes de cours ·

(0)