Summary *A-Level/AS Business Studies Pearson Edexcel Theme 4: Global Business Revision Booklet
33 vues 0 fois vendu
Cours
Unit 4 - Global business
Établissement
PEARSON (PEARSON)
*A-Level/AS Business Studies Pearson Edexcel Theme 4: Global Business Revision Booklet
Includes all FORMULAS!
CONCISE BUT DETAILED NOTES WITH A BOOKLET AVAILABLE FOR EACH THEME!
THESE BOOKLETS HELPED ME ACHIEVE AN A* AT A-LEVEL!
MAKE YOUR REVISION EASY THIS EXAM SEASON!
, Tariff = duty/tax on goods brought from or sold to a particular country.
Quota = limiting the number or value of goods that can be sold to another country.
Trade BLOC = agreement reached to remove trade barriers between countries/regions.
Free Trade = exists when there are no restrictions on trade between different countries.
Regulations = rules that apply to the goods and services sold in a country.
Multinational = a business that has operations in more than one country.
Import = buying goods/services from a foreign supplier.
Export = selling goods/services abroad.
Globalisation = The process through which the world is becoming more interconnected. – the growing integration of the worlds
economies.
Tourism = example of a global industry based on travel.
International = type of trade carried out between business’ in different countries.
Transnational/Multinational Companies = companies that own/control production or service facilities outasid3e the country their
based.
World trade Organisations (WTO) = an international organisation promoting free trade – persuading countries to abolish tariffs &
other barriers – polices free trade agreements, settles trade disputes between governments and organises trade negotiations.
Developed Countries – (Europe and UK) – established support agencies, higher employment rates and established trading rules. –
However: very competitive and higher tax.
Less Developed Countries (developing economies) – BRIC – Brazil, Russia, India, and China – potential for high sales, structures in
place to continue expansion and existing knowledge. – However: different tax or legal systems that present risks – protection of
country for its own products and services or reluctance to adopt products or services from, other countries.
Emerging Markets - (produce most of manufactured goods – globally consumed) – Turkey, Mexico, and Iran – opportunity first
entrant into market – government incentives offered creating jobs/reduced taxes. However: ethical considerations (use of child
labour), lower employment rates/lower wages resisting sales growth, international relationships/restrictions on trading with that
country.
What is meant by an emerging economy market? = business increases profits and divides – high growth and high risk - the economy of a
developing nation that’s becoming more engaged with global markets as it grows. Transition à low income (pre-industrial economy) àhigher
income (modern industry economy) with a higher standard of living.
BRIC (Brazil/Russia/India/China) and MINT (Mexico/Indonesia/Nigeria/Turkey)
Economic Growth = an increase in a country’s productive capacity.
UK economy – 150 years ago Britain = industrial powerhouse but 2008/10 recession and manufacturing slumped.
Economic Growth definition = an increase in a country’s productive capacity (GDP) (for example if the UK has a negative economic
growth GDP will decrease).
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) = monetary value of all the finished goods/services produced within a country’s borders in a specific
time period (can be annually or quarterly) – broad measurement of a nation’s overall economic activity.
Circular Trade = trading cycle- where imports/exports are interconnected
China emerging economy and established UK economy help each other’s GDP to grow and allow greater margins and recycling to occur –
ethical considerations need to be taken (sweatshops!! But recycling??)
Growing Economic Power of Asian, African, and other countries –
Most BRICS/MINT countries experienced growth – increases overall economic power of many of the countries in Africa/Asia and
other parts of world – China (largest economy in world in 2015) – top of rankings exporting ad destination for foreign investment 0
one of the biggest investors in other countries.
Largest economies in the world: US, Japan, Germany, and the UK
70% of the word GDP growth comes from emerging market economies - China/India (40/50% of this figure – 20/30% of the future
global growth comes from the rest.
China
In 1990 produced less than 3% of global manufacturing output but by 2015 it was almost 25%!1
Its position across South East Asia throughout supply chains and outsourcing.
Drives what is known as ‘Factory Asia’ – for its dominance of global manufacturing.
Strength of regional trading bloc looks set to continue.
It’s so strong as – it has:
Very efficient clusters of suppliers
, Excellent infrastructure
Access to lower cost labour throughout South East Asia
Chinese and Asian consumers are spending more each year increasing demand.
Growth of Chinas GDP may be because of – HOWEVER SOME FIGURES ARE INFLATED! SO ARE FALSE!
Technology/resources
Highly educated population
Climate (access to raw materials)
Developing economy
Changing employment patterns (greater productivity)
Economic/culture changes leading to increase in personal spending.
Economic growth for individuals and businesses implications –
Consumers in emerging markets may be buying more goods/services both from domestic companies and more developed
economies.
May make the emerging markets attractive to new entrants, create trade opportunities and alter existing employment patterns.
Trade Opportunities – why do trade opportunities increase because of the number of markets available.
Employment rates show the % of people able to work.
Higher employment rate more people can afford to spend – access to disposable income!
Investment is attracted as the number of able spender’s increases
Unemployment may be high in an area where a firm set up as it will make their applicant pool higher – cheap top-quality staff. –
better skilled workers.
Employment trends = patterns – jobs existing at different times in different places.
Indicators of growth: GLHHP
GDP = measure of the economic activity including all of the goods and services produced. (whole economy)
- GDP per capita = GDP/N. o of people in country (per resident).
- Real GDP = considers inflation of prices overtime.
- Nominal GDP = doesn’t consider inflation of prices overtime.
Literacy Rate = % of adults that can read and write - employees need to be able to do a good job – adults that can read and write –
increased percentage = increase in GDP growth as employment will be higher and more efficient.
Health = indicates level of development of economy by:
- Life expectancy at birth.
- Infant and maternal mortality.
- Pollution exposure.
- Access to clean water.
Human Development Index (HDI) = collection of stats that are combined into an index, ranking countries according to their human
development.
- Life expectancy – how many tears an average a person will live.
- Mean years of schooling.
- Gross national income (done as an average) per capita – shows relative wealth of the population (as measured in PPP $).
PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) exchange rates are preferred.
PPP = price of purchasing a standardised good/service and allow you to compare prices across economies.
Using PPP estimates of GDP – an investor had a good idea of what buyers in different countries can afford and what their overall welfare might
be in real terms.
International Trade = exporting (selling abroad) and importing (buying from abroad)
Export = money entering the UK – easiest mode of entry – a physical good or service (invisible exports).
e.g. financial services, tourism, transport, and professional services such as accountant and lawyers.
Australia = Coal Zambia = Copper South Africa = Gold UK = Cars Italy = Drugs
Producing goods abroad for less – less expensive manufacturing and lower overall costs.
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur ellismcgauley1. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour 8,52 €. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.