Changing Spaces, Making Places Case study notes - Geography A level OCR
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Changing Spaces Making Places
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OCR
Geography case studies for Changing spaces, making places:
Salford Quays and Newlyn, Barcelona, Birmingham, California and Jembatan Besi
This is for A-level OCR - most of them have come from the OCR text book (22nd edition) but I have updated the data (where possible) and condensed the notes dow...
Changing Spaces, Making Places
Places are multi-faceted, shaped by shifting flows and connections which change over time
Case study: Newlyn Case study: Salford Quays
→ Overview → Overview
Demographic → 4432 residents Demographic → 18,073 residents
→ Mean age 47.1 years (population has significantly
→ Ethnicity 98.2% white increased over recent years)
→ Average age 20-29
Socio economic → % Unemployed: 3.2 (2011) Ordsall
→ % Retired: 24.3 → Mainly white but has more
→ % Employed in diversity than Newlyn
accommodation and food
services: 10.5 Socio economic → Three primary schools, one
→ % Employed in agriculture, secondary, University of
forestry, and fishing: 4.9 Salford
→ Mean gross annual salary → 77.4% of population in
£26,788 (2015) employment (2019)
→ Average house price → 9.6 no qualifications in
£236,087 (2019) 2019
→ Households owned outright → 31.1% degree level and
or with a mortgage or loan: above
69.8% → £540.40 weekly pay
→ 27 street level crime
incidents in May 2020 Cultural → Lots of religions (mainly
→ Those who live in the town Christianity)
also work in the town and → Lowry Theatre & Art
socialise too Gallery, Media City, Salford
Lads’ and Girls’ Club, Sacred
Cultural → Close knit community, don’t Trinity Church, and Ordsall
like new people coming in to Hall & Museum
live there
→Heavily religious (mainly Political → Ordsall (ward) is an
Christianity) electoral ward of Salford
→Fishing culture (including Salford Quays)
→ Fundraising for the
Built → Modern
Christmas lights switch on
→ Heavily renovated
party begins almost as soon as
→ Mostly flats with some
Christmas has ended
terraced properties
→19% of houses had no usual
→ Construction sites,
residents – disrupts the
“concrete jungle”
community
Natural → 40 miles from coastline
Political → Newlyn is part of the
which is why the canal was
Penzance civil parish. Newlyn
built
returns five councillors to the
→ Closely follows
Penzance Town Council.
→Newlyn is part of the St Ives
, Geography case studies - CSPM
→ The city of Salford is a city and metropolitan borough of
constituency that covers the
Greater Manchester, England. Manchester emerged as a major
southwest of Cornwall,
manufacturing centre during the industrial revolution.
currently represented by Derek
→ The Manchester Ship Canal was its gateway to the world, but
Thomas MP.
when manufacturing declined the docks and Salford fell into
decline.
Built →Fishing markets → In the 1970s, 3000 people lost their jobs in the docks when
→ Traditional modern container ships were too large to use the Manchester
→Small terrace cottages Ship Canal
→ Today, Manchester has a service-based economy and Salford
Natural → Coastal landscape has been regenerated and rebranded.
→ Inclining terrain behind town Past
→In the 19th century Mancheste~~~~r established itself as a
Past
world leader in industry. The goods were shipped by rail down to
→ Until the sixteenth century, Mousehole, not Newlyn was the
Liverpool and from Liverpool to be taken on to the rest of the
principal fishing port in the Southwest
world.
→ 1595 a Spanish Naval Squadron landed at Mousehole and sacked
→ Manufacturers of Manchester realised if they could bypass the
it, burning down almost every building, before continuing their
docks at Liverpool and the charges imposed on the movement of
violence upon the coast in Newlyn and Penzance
their goods, there would be a huge potential for savings
→ Mousehole never quite recovered from its destruction and
→ This bypass developed into a ship canal that would connect
Newlyn’s port, from where boats could come and go at any hour
the heart of Manchester to Salford out to the Irish Sea.
inhibited by the passage of the tide soon assumed dominance.
→ Construction on the canal started in 1887 and it finished in
→ Newlyn has the largest number of vessels in its administration of
1893, it opened in 1894. At the time it cost £15 million pounds
any port in the UK and 88% of these are ‘10m and under’ inshore
which is about £1.5 billion in todays money.
fishing boats.
→ There were 16,000 navies working on the project, there was
→ Over the years, many boats have been decommissioned, and the
200 miles of dedicated railway laid just for the operation of the
number of fishing vessels nationally has fallen by 29% since 1996
canal, 10 trains were used and 6,000 wagons and taken a total of
(according to government statistics)
53 million cubic tons of earth.
→ The money required to purchase and maintain a boat, as well as
→ To encourage trade, the world’s first industrial estate was
paying for fuel and more quota grows higher every year, young
planned in 1896 which was linked to the docks by a private
people are put off the trade.
railway.
→ The largest decline in registered fishing boats occurred in 1980
Canal starts at the river estuary its also the River estuary flows
after the winter mackerel fishery was killed off by industrial fishing;
through Cheshire, Lancashire into the Salford docks.
the old luggers could no longer compete with trawlers that swept up
→ Upstream its feed by the river Irwell and flows straight out
the seabed, hunting many fishing populations to near extinction prior
into the ocean and can take deep sea vessels.
to the introduction of quotas.
→ Once opened it became the 3rd busiest dock in Britain.
→ estimated that 1,000 boats and some 2,500 shore workers have
→ It's 40 miles from the coastline.
lost their jobs in Devon and Cornwall
→ Manchester docks handled about 2 million tons of cargo a year
Present
and their peak employed about 3500 workers.
→ Newlyn Harbour has new market
→ With WW1 and WW2 there was a huge drop in trade,
→ Fish is processed and packaged and transported all throughout
businesses and manufacturing. In the 1960s and 1970s, with the
the country. 80% of the fish they have is being exported to France
containerisation of trade, its concentration in a few other British
and Spain
ports and the increase in the size of ships, trade at the docks
→ Refurbished the entire market.
almost completely disappeared between 1972 and 1982 leaving
→ ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’ in 1968 argued that individuals are
behind redundant space.
motivated by their own self interest to overuse common property.
→ In 1981 parts of the dock estate, particularly the undeveloped
The rising competition over the produce of the seas is also
northern areas, were designated an Enterprise Zone (EZ) to last
intrinsically tied to the expansion of capitalism around Europe, the
for 10 years and hopefully attract new activities.
advancement in fishing technology and more desperate conditions
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