ENPC class questions and answers
graded A+
What should you do when assessing a neonate? - answer The assessment should
progress from toe to head direction. Make sure they are warm and do not have
hypoglycemia.
How do infants breathe? - answer Infants are obligate nose breathers for the first 4
to 6 months.
Toddlers what ages? - answer Ages one to three years old
Preschoolers - answer Ages three to five years old
School aged children - answer Ages five to 11 years old
Adolescents - answer Ages 11-18 years old
There are four components of the prioritization of pediatric emergency care? - answer
These are the PAT, focused assessment (objective info), the focused pediatric history
(subjective info) and the assignment of an acuity rating decision.
First impression of pediatric patient is using? - answer PAT-pediatric assessment
triangle. It provides a psysiological assessment from an across the room perspective.
How many components of the PAT and what are they? - answer 3 which are general
appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin.
Appearance - answer The child's general appearance is the most important thing to
consider when determining how severe the illness or injury is and the need for
treatment. It reflects the adequancy of ventilation, oxygenation, brain perfusion, and
central nervous system function. From across the room, the child should be assessed
for tone, interactiveness, consolability, look/gaze and speech/cry.
work of breathing - answer A child's work of breathing is a more accurate indicator of
oxygenation and ventilation than respiratory rate or the auscultation of chest sounds.
Look and listen for abnormal breath sounds, abnormal positioning, retractions and nasal
flaring.
Sick - answer Even if the child appears well, it is purdent to consider the child sick
simply based on the fact that the caregiver was concerned enough to bring the child to
the ED.
, Sicker - answer If there is acute disruption in any one component of the PAT, the
child may be considered to be sicker and may require a higher acuity rating decision
and the initiation of a focused treatment intervention.
Sickest - answer If there is an acute disruption in two or more of th ecomponents of
the PAT, this child should be considered sickest, with a high acuity rating decision and
rapid resuscitation treatment interventions.
Focused assessment - answer This means to use critical thinking. Understanding the
disease process and the pediatric normal is important.
Red Flags of Pediatric Triangle - answer Apnea, choking, drooling, audible airway
sounds and positions.
Breathing: Grunting, sternal retractions, increased work of breathing, irregular
respiratory patterns, respiratory rate of greater than 60 or less than 20 breaths per
minute for children younger than 6 years, absence of breath sounds and cyanosis.
Circulation: Cool or clammy skin, tachycardia, bradycardia, heart rate of greater than
200 beats per minute, heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute, hypotension,
diminished or absent peripheral pulses, decreased tearing and sunken eyes.
Disabiliity: Altered LOC, inconsolability, and suken or bulging fontanel.
Exposure: Petechia, purpura, and signs and symptoms of abuse
Full set of vitals: Hypothermia, fever in an infant younger than 3 months, temperature of
greather than 40 C to 40.6 C at any age
Give comfort: Severe pain
Hisotry: Hisotry of chronic illness or family crissi and return to visit to the ED within 24
hours.
Primary Assessment - answer Airway with simultaneous cervical spine
immobilization for any injured child whose mechanism of injury, symptoms, or physical
findings suggest spinal trauma or whose medical history is incongruent with the
pediatric patient's physical condition.
B=breathing
C=circulation
D=Disability or neurological status
E=Exposure and environmental control prevent heat loss.
Secondary Assessment - answer F-Full set of vital signs, including weight, family
presence and focused adjuncts.
G-give comfort measures
H=history and head to toe assessment
I=inspect posterior surfaces
Primary Assessement (Airway Assessment) - answer Inspect patient's airways for
the following factors:
Vocalization: Can the pediatric patient talk or cry?
