TNCC Pre-Qualifying Exam 2023.
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
outcome of resuscitation? - ANSWER Base deficit used in conjunction with serum
lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - ANSWER Metabolic
acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - ANSWER Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
ANSWER Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
ANSWER Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? - ANSWER Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury
along with rewarming? - ANSWER Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-
inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - ANSWER Peripheral
resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? -
ANSWER Reverse Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments
causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - ANSWER Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - ANSWER
Quaternary Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting
walls, ground, or any hard object? - ANSWER Tertiary Phase
, What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave
with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - ANSWER Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general
weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - ANSWER
Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis,
cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein
distention, or hypotension? - ANSWER Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes,
altered level of consciousness? - ANSWER Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? -
ANSWER Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? -
ANSWER Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
and nausea. - ANSWER Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. -
ANSWER Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - ANSWER MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - ANSWER 35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? -
ANSWER Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - ANSWER Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - ANSWER Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - ANSWER small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - ANSWER
large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - ANSWER Increasing ICP
