OPOTA SPO's Study Guide Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+

The Relationship Between An Spo And a test question is, - • The test question must respond directly to the SPO and for every SPO there is a test question. The ultimate reason for law enforcement training is - • To be able to protect the life and property of yourself and the public. The term role is defined as, - • Characteristics and expected social behavior of an individual. • Those behaviors typically performed by an individual in a particular situation or occupation. Occupational Roles are defined as, - • Behavior performed in the course of perusing one's job or vocation. - Role Conflict occurs when, - • The officer perceives a clash between competing perceptions, values, and standards when deciding what behavior is appropriate. The term Stress is defined as, - • A state of physical or Psychological arousal. • The wear and tear on the body. A Critical Incident is defined as, - • A Specific event which causes unusually strong emotional reaction and which has the potential to interfere with the ability to function either at the scene or later. The Four (4) categories of stress are, - 1. Cognitive 2. Physical 3. Emotional 4. Behavioral Initial Intervention Techniques are, - 1. Physical Exercises 2. Structured Time 3. Talk to Friends and Family 4. Eat Healthy Foods 5. Don't Make Life Changes - The ten (10) Community Policing Philosophies are, - 1. Community policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows the police and community residents to work closely together in a new way to solve the problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorder, and neighborhood decay. 2. Community policing organizational strategy first demands that everyone in the department, including both civilian and sworn personal, must investigate ways to translate the philosophy into practice. 3. To implement true community policing, Police departments must also create and develop a new breed of line officer, the Community Policing Officer (CPO), who acts as the direct link between the police and the community. 4. The CPO's broad role demands continuous, sustained contact with the law-abiding people in the community, so that together they can explore creative new solutions to local concerns involving crime, fear of crime; disorder and decay, with private citizens serving as unpaid volunteers. 5. Community policing implies a new contract between the police and the citizens it serves, one that offers the hope of overcoming widespread apathy, at the same time it restrains any impulse to vigilantism. 6. Community policing adds a vital pro-active element to the reactive role of police, resulting in full-spectrum police services. 7. Community policing stresses exploring new ways to enhance and protect the lives of those who are most vulnerable- juveniles, elderly, minorities, the poor, the disabled, the homeless. 8. Community policing promotes the judicious use of technology, but also rests on the belief that nothing surpasses what dedicated human beings, talking and working together, can achieve. 9. Community policing must be a fully integrated approach that involves everyone in the department, with the CPO's as specialists in bridging the gaps between the police and the people. 10. Community policing provides decentralized personalized police service to the community. It recognizes that police cannot impose order on the community from the outside, but that people must be encouraged to think of the police as a resource they can use in helping solve contemporary community concerns Seven (7) Traditional criteria of a profession are, - 1. A specific body of knowledge. 2. Extensive preparation through professional education, training. 3. A code of ethics. 4. Licensing, regulations by boards and councils. 5. Commitment and obligation to clientele. 6. Relative professional autonomy. 7. Public acknowledgement of status. Federalism is defined as, - • A dual system of government. Due Process of law is defined as - • The process of assuring fundamental fairness in the application of criminal justice. Probable Cause is defined as - • The fact and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person to believe that a condition exists that justifies the action to be taken. Proof beyond a Reasonable doubt is defined as, - • The accused's guilt must be established to the point that the facts proven must, by virtue of probative force, establish guilt. Preponderance of Evidence is defined as, - • Where there is more likelihood of an event than there is doubt. Factual Guilt plus Legal Guilt is described as, - • The accused did in fact commit the crime or act in question, or there is substantial evidence of proof beyond a reasonable doubt the accused did so. The three (3) components of legal guilt are, - 1. Was the accused properly treated in being brought to justice? 2. Was he/she given his/her procedural rights? 3. Was due process adhered to? How does the Crime Control Perspective contrast with the Due Process perspective? - • Crime Control- The focus is on factual guilt and speedy process of the accused tends view the offender as guilty until proven innocent. Nicknamed "assembly line justice". • Due Process- The accused is afforded the proper constitutional and civil rights with emphasis places on following proper procedures. Nicknamed "obstacle course justice" because of the number of technicalities built into the system. - Civil Rights are defined as, - • The rights and privileges afforded all persons in society by the legislative acts of Congress, State, and Local Ordinances. Section 42 USC 1983 is, - • Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction there of to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress. The Criminal Justice System is, - • The formal system established by the United States for maintaining social control and handling criminal conduct. The four (4) components of the Criminal Justice System are, - 1. Law Enforcement. 2. Prosecution and Defense. 3. Judiciary. 4. Corrections. Courts of Ohio are, - • Supreme Court of Ohio. • Court of Appeals. • Common Pleas Court. • County Court. • Municipal Court. • Mayor Court. • Court of Claims. - The five (5) matters over which the Ohio Supreme Court has jurisdiction in are, - 1. Quo Warranto. 2. Madamus. 3. Habeas Corpus. 4. Prohibition. 5. Precedents. Offenses are divided into two (2) classes, - 1. Felony. 2. Misdemeanor. A Felony is anything defined by law as a Felony. - A Felony is anything defined by law as a Felony. A Misdemeanor is anything defined by law as a Misdemeanor. - A Misdemeanor is anything defined by law as a Misdemeanor. The two (2) Purposes of Felony sentencing are, - 1. Protect the public from future crime by offender and others. 2. Punish the offender. The four (4) needs a court is required to consider when imposing a Felony sentence are, - 1. The need for incapacitating the offender. 2. The need for deterring the offender and others from future crime. 3. Rehabilitating the offender. 4. Make restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or both. The three (3) requirements which must be satisfied by a Felony sentence imposed by the court are, - 1. Reasonably calculated to achieve the consideration of the Court. 2. Must be commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offenders conduct and its impact on the victim. 3. Must be consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes committed by other offenders with similar circumstances.