PH111 Lecture 6: CPL: Language and Formalization questions with correct answers

What are variables in predicate logic? - correct answer types of singular terms. what are quantifiers? - correct answer logical symbols representing universal and existential quantifiers What is the universal quantifier symbol? - correct answer ∀ What is the existential quantifier symbol? - correct answer ∃ Give an example of a universal statement and how it can be formalised. - correct answer 'everything is physical.'/'for every x, x is physical'. Formalised: ∀xPx Give an example of an existential statement and how it can be formalised. - correct answer 'There are black holes.'/'There exists at least one x such that x is a black hole.' Formalised: ∃xBx Give examples of a) individual constants and b) individual variables. - correct answer a) a,b,c, ... u,v,w; a1, a2, ... b1, b2... c) x,y,z; x1,x2, ... y1,y2 ...