English 25 Final UCSB Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024

English 25 Final UCSB Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024 Frederick Winslow Taylor - ANSWER-Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Bricklaying Short Ex:-first began where workmen were the only people with full knowledge of how to complete their tasks -managers at first did not interfere because they knew the workmen were knowledgable about their tasks and therefore felt like they could not speak up -companies wanted to be more efficient to save time and money, so they created the "initiative and incentive" method where they told the workmen if they worked harder they would ear a bonus, promotion, higher wages, shorter hours, etc. -workmen did not do this cause they wanted to spite their bosses and companies -scientific management though gave the managers a lot more duties and tasks where they would gather all the knowledge of the workmen, decide what worked best (survival of the fittest rules/methods), workmen than only focused on one task which made things more efficient -workmen now had instructions of how to perform the task and the exact time indicated -using scientific methods to perfect max efficiency Joseph A. Schumpeter - ANSWER-Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (1942) Creative Destruction Short Ex: -capitalism- form or method of economic change that never stationary, that is new technologies, new transporting, new consumers, etc. all change the way capitalism works -business is creative destruction: companies can gain an edge through new ideas and products that increase in value as more people use them... But the emphasis is on "temporary". -creative destruction is when society creates new methods and ideas, which get rid of old products or things, than new ones are created. By using creativity, we are continually changing capitalism -information as a market, how to monopolize on information Shoshana Zuboff - ANSWER-In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power (1988)