NERC Final Assessment Exam Correct answers (Already GRADED A)

When using a dynamic schedule and the energy profile in an hour is 250 MW and the actual hourly integration deviates from the hourly energy profile by ____ the tag must be modified. A. 100 MW B. 10% C. 50 MW D. 25% B. 10% Dry steam plants, flash steam plants, and binary cycle power plants are the three main types of what kind of generating plant? A. Nuclear generators B. Combustion turbine generators C. Geothermal generators D. Hydroelectric generators C. Geothermal generators Which type of solar technology converts electromagnetic energy in sunlight directly into direct current? A. Concentrating solar thermal B. Solar DC inverter C. Photovoltaic D. Solar batteries C. Photovoltaic If a reliability coordinator identifies that there is a potential transmission related problem in the area, who should they notify? A. Marketers in the area B. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection C. All purchasing selling entities D. Generation operators in the area of the potential problem B. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection Restoration services on critical telecommunications channels should be available _____. A. 24 hours per day B. Within 12 hours of a telecommunication channel failure C. By the end of the next business day D. Within 72 hours of the contingency occurring A. 24 hours per day According to NERC, A balancing authority may elect to fulfill its contingency reserve obligations by participating as a member of a _____ A. ISO B. Reserve sharing group C. RTO D. Regional reliability organization B. Reserve sharing group If you were to experience the northern lights what would be your concern with the operation of the power system? A. System harmonics causing oscillations B. A reduction of MVAR consumption C. Generator output reduction D. Transformer overheating D. Transformer overheating Your BA has a net scheduled interchange of 650 MW and your actual interchange is 800 MW. The frequency bias setting for your BA is 65 MW/0.1 Hz. There is a disturbance on the system and the actual frequency is 60.02 Hz. What is your ACE? A. -163 MW B. -137 MW C. 137 MW D. 163 MW D. 163 MW Which of the following complies with the control performance 1 standard? A. CPS = 95% B. CPS = 125% C. CPS = 90% D. CPS = 80% B. CPS = 125% Generators have the ability to be used as voltage control devices. If a generator raises its VAR output the system operator should expect the system voltage to A. Decrease B. Increase C. Not change D. Collapse B. Increase if a BA has 500 MW of spinning reserves and of that 300 are regulating reserves, by definition, NERC requires the regulating reserves must be ____? A. Online and AGC responsive B. Able to ramp to full load within 10 minutes C. Able to be online within 10 minutes D. Able to be online within 5 minutes A. Online and AGC responsive There is a shunt capacitor on your system that has a rating of 50 MVAR @ 138 KV. The voltage at the time of switching the capacitor in service is 124 KV. What would be the expected output of the capacitor? A. 45 MVAR B. 43.5 MVAR C. 50 MVAR D. 40.5 MVAR D. 40.5 MVAR Which mode of AGC operation is the one that NERC states will be used unless such operation is adverse to the system or interconnection Reliability? A. Constant interchange B. Tie-line Bias C. Constant frequency D. Load-frequency bias B. Tie-line Bias You have a 600 MW unit that is currently loaded at 300 MW and frequency drops .2 Hz. What will the new output of the generator be as a result of the drop in frequency due to droop characteristic? A. 300 MW B. 340 MW C. 260 MW D. 380 MW B. 340 MW If a BA is unable to calculate its ACE for more than ____ it shall notify its RC. A. 15 minutes B. 60 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 20 minutes C. 30 minutes The system frequency is currently 60.03 Hz. The Synchronized generating capacity is 3200 MW. The system load is currently 2200 MW. What is the maximum amount of load block that should be restored? A. 160 MW B. 220 MW C. 110 MW D. 320 MW A. 160 MW A balancing authority has a bias setting of -150 MW. The frequency falls .05 Hz due to an external disturbance. How many MW would you expect this balancing authority area to provide to the disturbance? A. +150 MW B. +75 MW C. -150 MW D. -75 MW B. +75 MW When a RC must curtail or hold an interchange transaction to respect transmission service reservation priorities or to mitigate potential or actual SOL violation, the RC shall inform the _____ listed on the interchange transaction tag of the greatest reliable level at which the affected interchange transaction may flow. A. Transmission service provider B. Transmission operator C. Source balancing authority D. Sink balancing authority D. Sink balancing authority Each generator operator shall provide generator outage information daily for scheduled generator outages planned for the next day. Why is this important? A. So the RC & TOP can do their studies B. So marketing knows how much gas to buy C. So the BA knows how much power to buy D. So the plant can determine staffing requirements A. So the RC & TOP can do their studies You are a TOP and you have changed relay settings for your UVLS scheme in the northern part of your system. Your neighbor just to the north of you has a major generating facility rated @ 1000 MW and they supply most of the MVAR for the area. They also monitor the MVAR flows on most of the lines in the area due to an NRC requirement regarding MVAR for a nuclear plant. Of the parties listed below, who does not need to be notified of the changes made to the relay settings A. Transmission service providers B. Balancing authorities C. Transmission operators D. Generation operators A. Transmission service providers Areas of North America with igneous rock formations would be subject to which of the following due to the igneous rock formations? A. Earthquakes B. High customer load C. Impacts of GMD activity D. Earthquake aftershocks C. Impacts of GMD activity If you use a dynamic schedule that is less than or equal to 250 MW, how much does the average energy profile have to vary by in order to have to submit a new or modified tag? A. 25 MW B. 25% C. 10% D. 10 MW A. 25 MW The data scan rate for the ACE calculation has to occur at least every ____ A. Four seconds B. 10 seconds C. 15 seconds D. Six seconds D. Six seconds The MSSC for your BA area is 850 MW. A defined disturbance for DCS reporting would be equal to how many MW's? A. 680 B. 725 C. 600 D. 805 A. 680 According to NERC, which of the following shall shed customer load rather than risk an uncontrolled failure of components or cascading outages of the interconnection after all other remedial steps have been taken? A. Transmission operator or balancing authority B. Transmission operator or load serving entity C. Transmission owner or balancing authority D. Balancing authority or load serving entity A. Transmission operator or balancing authority The transmission owner and distribution provider that owns a UVLS system shall have equipment maintenance and testing programs in place. This program shall include which of the following? 1. Relays 2 instrument transformers 3 grounds 4 batteries A. 2,3,&4 B. 1,3,&4 C. 1,2,&3 D. 1,2,&4 D. 1,2,&4 Transmission operator A has a step up transformer that has a rating of 1000 MVA at a generating facility. The unit is operating at full load and it is a peak day. Transmission operator A gets an alarm from a step up transformer and sees that it is loaded to 105% of its rated capacity. Transmission operator A has how long to return the transformer to the rated capacity? A. 30 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 60 minutes D. 15 minutes A. 30 minutes Who is responsible to know the status of all transmission reactive power resources, including the status of voltage regulators and power system stabilizers? A. Transmission owner B. Transmission operator C. Transmission service provider D. Reliability authority B. Transmission operator Between the times of 0930 and 0940 the system is operating normally. The average for the ACE is 33 MW. The BA L10 is 29.5 MW. Which of the following NERC performance standards was in violation? A. BAAL B. DCS C. CPS1 D. CPS2 D. CPS2 What is the IEEE number for a differential relay? A. 25 B. 50 C. 21 D. 87 D. 87 Who is responsible to initiate the confirmation process for interchange schedules? A Balancing Authority B. Generation providing entity C. Transmission service provider D. Purchasing selling entity A. Balancing authority A 10% reduction in voltage results in the effective value of a capacitor being A. Reduced by more than 10% B. Increased by 10% C. Reduced 10% D. Unchanged A. Reduced by more than 10% Generator #2is putting out 100 MW to station A. There is 0 MW coming from system Z to station A. The MW flow on the lines is as follows: line one has 50 MW from A to B, line 2 has 25 MW from A to B, and line 3 has 25 MW from A to B. If 100 MW were to flow in from system Z, what would be the new MW flow on line 2 A. 50 B. 100 C. 25 D. 150 A. 50 If the reliability coordinator identifies an IROL for a future operating day due to scheduled outages, they are required to do which of the following? A. Develop a mitigation plan B. Declare an EEA3 for the hours of concern C. Cancel all outages for the operating day D. Review its restoration plan A. Develop a mitigation plan Who can declare an energy emergency? A. The deficient balancing authorities reliability coordinator B. The deficient balancing authorities transmission operator C. The deficient balancing authority D. The deficient balancing authorities AGC operator A. The deficient balancing authorities reliability coordinator A transmission line between Bus A and Bus B has MW flow from bus B to Bus A. The tripping of a parallel line has caused the line from bus A to bus B to exceed its thermal rating. which of the following actions would assist the operator in correcting the problem. A. Shed load at bus B B. Decrease generation at bus A C. Shed load at bus A D. Increase generation at bus B C. Shed load at bus A If a dynamic transfer value is being used for a pseudo-tie, what term is used when referring to the balancing authority where the generator is physically located? A. Sending BA B. Receiving BA C. Attaining BA D. Native BA D. Native BA Each transmission operator and balancing authority shall verify the restoration procedure by _____ A. Actual testing or simulation B. Planning and simulation C. Planning and testing D. Dispatcher input or testing A. Actual testing or simulation You are a balancing authority and get a call from your purchase selling entity that an interchange transaction is to start at the top of the hour and is sinking on your system. There is no tag in place for this transaction but they are adamant that it is supposed to start in five minutes. What do you do? A. Call the reliability coordinator B. Notify them you have no tag therefore, no schedule will be entered into the EMS C. Enter the said transaction into your EMS/AGC system D. Notify your shift Manager B. Notify them you have no tag therefore, no schedule will be entered into the EMS Your system has experienced a total shut down. You have worked your system restoration plan and with the help of the RC you now seem to be ready to tie to the interconnection. What are the three important power system parameters that must be within acceptable limits before re-synchronizing? A. Phase angle, frequency, and voltage B. Phase angle, voltage, and inductive reactance C. Phase angle, frequency, and inductive reactance D. Frequency, voltage, and inductive reactance A. Phase angle, frequency, and voltage Which of the following types of wind generators have the ability to adjust the pitch of the rotor blades? A. Active stall-controlled wind turbines B. Pitch controlled wind turbines C. Passive stall-controlled wind turbines D. Blade adjustable wind turbines B. Pitch controlled wind turbines You are a BA and your MSSC is the loss of a 750 MW unit within your reserve sharing group. You have a loss of supply that is a reportable incident and you activate your reserve sharing. You have utilized all of your reserves for the contingency. How long do you have to restore your reserves? A. 90 minutes B. 60 minutes C. 15 minutes D. 30 minutes A. 90 minutes You are a BA and your frequency bias setting is 450 MW. The actual frequency is 59.98 Hz. What is your contribution to the interconnection for frequency? A. 450 MW B. 900 MW C. 90 MW D. 4500 MW C. 90 MW Which of the following statements is true about the interchange process? A. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying valid transmission service B. Transmission service providers are responsible for implementing interchange C. Transmission service providers are responsible for adjusting the DC tie-line D. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying ramp rate D. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying ramp rate If a capacitor bank is removed from service, what immediate effect will there be on the voltage? A. Increase B. Drop and then return to previous level C. Stay the same D. Decrease D. Decrease BA 'A' has an estimated peak load for the next year of 13,250 MW. What is the minimum frequency bias setting it is allowed to carry according to the NERC? A. 150 MW B. 133 MW C. 100 MW D. 120 MW B. 133 MW If a transmission operator's state estimator fails to produce a valid solution, which of the following would you expect to be impacted? A. PSSE results would be more accurate B. Contingency analysis results could be flawed C. ACE calculation would be incorrect D. Load forecasts would deviate 4.5% B. Contingency analysis results could be flawed The contingency event recovery. Is how many minutes? A. 60 B. 15 C. 90 D. 45 B. 15 The net scheduled interchange for a BA area is 150 MW out of its system and the actual interchange is 185 MW out. The frequency bias setting is 100 MW/0.1 Hz. The scheduled frequency was at 60 Hz and suddenly declined to 59.95 Hz. Which of the following is true about the balancing authorities ACE and what should the generation do? A. ACE is +35 MW; decrease generation B. ACE is -15 MW; increase generation C. ACE is -35 MW; increase generation D. ACE is +15 MW; decrease generation B. ACE is -15 MW; increase generation There are two transmission lines that have to be switched into service. Both lines are 500 KV lines and are identical in conductor construction. Line A is 100 miles long, while line B is 75 miles long. Which line will incur more charging when energized? A. Line A B. Line B C. Neither, they will both be the same D. Lying charging is not a concern when switching lines in service A. Line A An abnormally high voltage situation on a system can be corrected by A. Removing capacitors B. Directing generation to increase their VAR output C. Reducing load D. Decreasing power flow transfers A. Removing capacitors Each RC, TOP, and BA shall have ____ for when there is a loss of interpersonal communications capability. A. A burst messaging system B. Alternative communication capability C. Multiple backup phone systems D. Industrial rated satellite phones B. Alternative communication capability According to NERC standards, RCs, TOPs, BAs, GOPs, and LSEs can submit a report for a sabotage event on which of the following reports? A. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-407 B. DOE -OE-407 or EEA 3 report C. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-417 D. Event reporting form or EEA 3 Report C. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-417 An indication that a line is loaded above its surge impedance level is that it A. Generates VARs B. Raises voltage C. Absorbs VARs D. Increases capacitance C. Absorbs VARs If a balancing authority has implemented interchange of 150 MW that started on the hour and was brought to 0 MW at 20 past the hour, what is the hourly integration for the transaction? Ignore all ramp rates A. 50 MWhr B. 100 MWhr C. 25 MWhr D. 150 MWhr A. 50 MWhr If the MSSC for a BA is a 900 MW gas fired steam unit, what is the DCS reporting threshold? A. 670 MW B. 720 MW C. 180 MW D. 810 MW B. 720 MW If a BA serves native load, the minimum the frequency bias setting that may be used is what percentage of the Balancing Areas's estimated yearly peak per 0.1 Hz change? A. 3% B. 2% C. 5% D. 1% D. 1% Balancing authority ABC is experiencing an operating capacity emergency and is relying on assistance provided by the interconnection frequency bias. Per NERC ABC shall ______ A. Figure out the most economical way to balance its interchange schedules and generation to its load B. Request transmission loading relief from the interconnection until its load decreases C. Keep absorbing inadvertent power from the interconnection until its load decreases D. Balance its interchange schedules and generation to its load, without regard to financial cost D. Balance its interchange schedules and generation to its load, without regard to financial cost Net actual interchange minus net scheduled interchange is what? A. The ACE equation B. Inadvertent Interchange C. Always equal to the frequency bias contribution D. Meter error B. Inadvertent interchange During system restoration, system frequency should be maintained in which of the following ranges? A. 59.75 - 61.00 Hz B. 59.25 - 60.50 Hz C. 58.50 - 60.05 Hz D. 59.00 - 61.00 Hz A. 59.75 - 61.00 Hz The reliability coordinator shall verify that all delegated tasks are carried out by NERC certified _____ operating personnel A. Reliability coordinator B. Transmission operator C. Delegated task D. Balancing authority A. Reliability coordinator The plan for the loss of control center functionality shall include a summary description of the elements required to support the backup functionality which includes all the following except: A. Tools and applications B. Voice communications C. Fully rested relief shifts D. Data communications C. Fully rested relief shifts Which of the following types of generation resources would utilize a process of fission or fusion? A. Nuclear generators B. Combustion turbine generators C. Geothermal generators D. Hydroelectric generators A. Nuclear generators Each reliability coordinator shall approve the restoration plan of each transmission operator in its reliability coordinator area in accordance with whose requirements? A. NERC B. DOE C. FERC D. Public utility commission A. NERC If balancing authorities ABC's RTU signal for power flow over ABC's Midway tie-line with balancing authority XYZ is significantly in error, the ABC system operator shall A. Not make any adjustments, but after the RTU gets repaired, perform a true-up calculation on the inadvertent account B. Call the XYZ balancing authority and set up an inadvertent interchange schedule that is larger than the RTU error C. Adjust the control settings to compensate for the equipment error until repairs can be made D. Let the AGC system handle the problem C. Adjust the control settings to compensate for the equipment error until repairs can be made You are operating in the balancing authority function. Your ACE is currently 0 MW and frequency is 59.97 Hz. You determine that your neighboring BA to the north has experienced the tripping of a generator. Between the times of 1020 and 1030 the system is operating normally. The average for the ACE is 58 MW. The BA L10 is 55 MW. What should you do? A. Open the tide lines between you and your neighbor B. Shed load to restore frequency to 60 Hz C. Increase your generation until frequency gets back to 60 Hz D. Control your system ACE and wait for request for assistance D. Control your system ACE and wait for request for assistance. If a balancing area has a scheduled interchange of 300 MW that started on the hour, what would be the hourly integrated value if the transactions were curtailed at 45 minutes past the hour? A. 150 MWhr B. 225 MWhr C. 100 MWhr D. 300 MWhr B. 225 MWhr A 900 MW generator has a 5% governor droop characteristic and is connected to the system by two 500 KV lines. Initially it is loaded at 100% of its rated capacity. The frequency then falls 0.9 Hz. What is the generators new output? A. 75% B. 25% C. 100% D. 0% C. 100% A Transmission operator has to restore two 500 KV lines to service. Both lines are of the same construction, but line 5085 is 95 miles long and line 5012 is just 22 miles long. Which of the following statements is true about the restoration of the lines? A. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5085 line rather than 5012 line B The voltage rise from switching line 5012 will be significantly higher than that of 5085 line C. The voltage rise from both lines will be the same D. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5012 line rather than the 5085 line A. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5085 line rather than 5012 line Regardless of the processes it uses, the RC must direct its BAs and TOP's to return the transmission system to within its interconnection reliability operating limits as soon as possible, but no longer than _____ A. 20 minutes B. 30 minutes C. 15 minutes D. 60 minutes B. 30 minutes The reporting threshold for a DCS event is ____ % of the MSSC A. 90% B. 100% C. 80% D. 150% C. 80% Control performance standard 1 (CPS1) is calculated every _____ minute(s) A. 10 B. 15 C. 1 D. 60 C. 1 Each reliability coordinator, balancing authority, and transmission operator, shall review and approve its operating plan for back up functionality, how often? A. Weekly B. Monthly C. Never D. Annually D. Annually The frequency bias setting for a balancing area must be expressed in ______ A. Expressed in MW/0.1 Hz B. Expressed in MW/0.001 Hz C. Expressed in MW/0.01 Hz D. Expressed in MW/1.0 Hz A. Expressed in MW/0.1 Hz If in the course of operations during emergency conditions it becomes necessary to implement a voltage reduction, where should the voltage reduction take place? A. On the distribution system B. On the transmission facility that has the highest voltage profile C. On only facilities 230 KV and higher D. On all EHV facilities A. On the distribution system You are working in the RC function and one of the TOP's under your purview has entered into an IROL. According to NERC you do which of the following actions? A. Instruct the TOP to take any action necessary to return the system to within IROL limits ASAP but no longer than 30 minutes B. Issue an EEA1 to all transmission operators under your purview C. Instruct the TOP to shed load immediately and prepare to open the facility D. Issue an EEA2 to all of the balancing authorities under your purview A. Instruct the TOP to take any action necessary to return the system to within IROL limits ASAP but no longer than 30 minutes If you are operating your BA area and today's peak load is 5245 MW with a temperature of 88°F what would the expected impact on tomorrow's load if the temperature is forecasted to be 94°F A. Load would be less than 5245 MW B. Load would be more than 5245 MW C. Load would remain the same D. Load would be slightly lower B. Load would be more than 5245 MW What percentage of a line is protected with overlapping zone one protection? A. 50% B. 80% C. 10% D. 90% B. 80% In the ACE equation B represents which of the following? A. The percentage of generation available in fast start turbines B. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1Hz)for the balancing authority C. A percentage of your companies estimated annual peak load D. A percentage of your most severe single contingency B. The frequency bias setting(MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority You receive indication that all of the circuit breakers on both sides of a transformer have opened and locked out, which of the following relays would you expect to have operated? A. 87B B. 87T C. 59G D. 21-1 B. 87T You are in the process of restoring your system. The system load is currently 4200 MW, when system frequency drops to 58.50 hurts how much load needs to be dropped to get frequency back to 60 Hz? A. 252-420 MW B. 300-510 MW C. 126-210 MW D. 378-630 MW D. 378-630 MW A system disturbance has caused your BA to lose tie-line RTUs with a neighboring BA which telemeter data into your energy management system. Where in the ACE equation can you correct for this? A. (Fa - Fs) B. IMe C. (NIa - NIs) D. 10B B. IMe Your BA area had two 100 MW interchange transactions at the start of last hour. Transaction A started at 100 MW and was reduced to 50 MW on the half hour. Transaction B started at 100 MW and was reduced to 50 MW on the half hour and then reduced to 0 MW at quarter to the hour. What was the megawatt hour integration for last hour for your area? A. 125 MWhr B. 137.5 MWhr C. 62.5 MWhr D. 200 MWhr B. 137.5 MWhr Which of the following would not be considered a reliability event that would allow for the modification of an interchange transaction? A. Loss of generation B. SOL or IROL violations C. Loss of load D. Incremental cost in the LMP zone D. Incremental cost in the LMP zone If a series of events occurred that was the result of geomagnetic disturbance activity, geomagnetically induced current could result in which of the following? A. Excessive heating in transformers B. Capacitor output increases C. Generators automatically connect to the system D. Shunt reactors stop absorbing MVARs A. Excessive heating in transformers If a BAs ACE is on zero and as a result of the implementation of a time error correction ACE now indicates undergeneration of 50 MW, what is the BAs frequency bias setting A. 100 MW/0.1 Hz B. 250 MW/0.1 Hz C. 50 MW/0.1 Hz D. 300 MW/0.1 Hz B. 250 MW/0.1 Hz If a BA performed a large load curtailment and 5% voltage reduction as part of their emergency procedures for capacity emergencies but has not shed firm load, then this BA is in what level of energy emergency alert? A. Level one B. Level two C. Level zero D. Level three B. Level two Transmission operator A and transmission operator B share 345 KV tie-line. The line has an actual flow of 250 MVA from B to A. If there is a difference in derived operating limits between the transmission operators on the 345 KV tie-line the transmission operator shall A. Operate to the most limiting parameter B. Use the limit requested by the BA C. Operate to the higher limit D. Use the dynamic rating for the limit A. Operate to the most limiting parameter A zone one relay is typically calibrated to protect what percentage of the zone? A. 90% B. 120% C. 10% D. 150% A. 90% You are involved in an interchange transaction that starts across the top of the hour. As part of the approval process for the transaction it is your responsibility to ensure that the tag is provided via secure network to the appropriate parties. You are a ____? A. Transmission service provider B. Balancing authority C. Purchasing selling entity D. Transmission operator C. Purchasing selling entity Which of the following actions is NOT appropriate for an operator to take when a time correction has been issued? A. Enter the new scheduled frequency into the control program B. Log the time error correction C. Ignore the correction D. Control the system for the new frequency C. Ignore the correction If a TOP is experiencing a SOL or IROL violation, how long does the entity have to correct the problem? A. 10 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 60 minutes C. 30 minutes If studies were being performed to evaluate next-day system conditions, which of the following information would be the least useful? A. projected transmission outages B. generation schedule C. load forecast D. current day weather forecast D. current day weather forecast Why are low-pressure steam turbines generally larger than high-pressure turbines? A. LP steam is more dense and requires less volume than HP steam B. LP steam is less dense and requires more volume than HP steam C. LP steam stores more energy and requires more volume than HP steam D. LP steam stores less energy and requires more volume than HP steam B. LP steam is less dense and requires more volume than HP steam How should a TOP that is affected by or contributing to transmission SOL or IROL limit violations respond to the situation? A. when time permits B. In coordination with other impacted entities C. independent of all other parties D. only at the direction of the RC B. In coordination with other impacted entities Which of the following equipment would be considered a dynamic resource? A. shunt reactor B. shunt capacitor C. generator D. switchable capacitor C. generator During a system emergency, the BA and TOP shall immediately take action to restore the ___ power balance A. static and dynamic B. scheduled and actual C. generation and interchange D. real and reactive D. real and reactive When performing a pre-outage study, you identify that the transmission outage will cause a thermal violation on a parallel path, which of the following actions would be the first one that you would implement? A. allow the outage to occur and see what happens B. allow the outage to take place as long as no load is lost C. reschedule the outage if possible D. shed load to mitigate the concern C. reschedule the outage if possible When an event occurs that causes a system frequency excursion, which party is responsible for returning frequency to normal? A. All BA's in the Interconnection B. The BA who caused the excursion C. The RC D. All GO's B. The BA who caused the excursion Which of the following would be an appropriate reason to manually shed load? A. High system transfers B. regulating reserve deficiency C. provide emergency assistance to external parties D. continuous drop in frequency D. continuous drop in frequency Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between State Estimator and Contingency Analysis? A. SE uses the results of CA to solve B. There is no relationship between SE and CA C. CA uses the results of SE to solve D. SE only solves when CA fails C. CA uses the results of SE to solve Which of the following systems was put in place to provide RCs with a mechanism to handle energy deficiencies? A. max generation alerts B. energy emergency alerts C. DOE reporting requirements D. NERC threat cons B. energy emergency alerts Two parallel transmission lines are both rated for 450 MVA and are currently at 320 MVA each. If one of the lines trips, it will cause the other line to be loaded above its rating by more than 150 MVA. What should you do if you receive notification that due to a system emergency one of the lines must come out of service? A. delay the outage until generation can be started B. redispatch available generation and remove the line from service C. Take the line out of service and dump 150 MW of load D. wait until the line trips out of service B. redispatch available generation and remove the line from service If your system is experiencing dynamic reactive reserve deficiencies, which of the following actions can be implemented to increase this dynamic reactive reserve? A. place a capacitor in service B. place a reactor in service C. remove a capacitor from service D. load transmission lines above SIL A. place a capacitor in service The system operator shall have the responsibility and ___ to implement real time actions that ensure the stable and reliable operation of the BES. A. Authority B. experience C. contingency analysis D. policies A. Authority The electric system security data is received over the ___ A. RCIS B. SDX C. NERC hotline D. ISN D. ISN If a transmission line has an SOL of 1375 MVA, but due to parallel flows from external entities interchange transactions the actual flow is 1525 MVA, what action should you take? A. Ignore the limit because the parallel flows total 200 MVA which would bring your native usage down to 1325 MVA B. Open the line until the external entities curtail the interchange tags C. Request the RC to initiate a loading relief procedure D. Direct the external entities to shed 150MW of load C. Request the RC to initiate a loading relief procedure An appropriate use of a pseudo-tie is to A. off set meter error B. Determine ATC C. account for joint owned generation D. payback inadvertent C. account for joint owned generation All of the reasons listed below are reasons to notify other systems in your region thru predetermined communication paths except ___ A. insufficient resources B. emergency actions for inability to purchase capacity C. lack of single contingency coverage D. market implications D. market implications If there is a large system disturbance and the frequency meters from multiple locations within the BA show different values, what would be the reasonable conclusion? A. the info is not accurate B. the system is in an islanded situation C. there was a large loss of load D. the system has blacked out B. the system is in an islanded situation If your system experiences the loss of 2000 MW of generation that has caused the frequency to decline and you have shed 300 MW of load to stop the frequency from declining, what should you do if the frequency will not come above 59.94 Hz? A. restore the load and wait for RC direction B. implement additional corrective actions to restore frequency C. wait until the system load drops off and monitor the system frequency D. request the region to perform a frequency decay analysis B. implement additional corrective actions to restore frequency How long does a TO have to mitigate an IROL exceedance if it has a T v of 20 minutes? A. 1/2 of the T v or 10 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 60 minutes B. 20 minutes When contingency analysis is run and results indicate that a potential problem exists, these results should be made available to which of the following? A. planning group B. system operators C. all PSEs in the area D. all PSEs and LSEs B. system operators Your system has experienced a system shutdown and you are in the process of restoring your system. A generator in a particular area of your system is pushing MVAR out to the system. As you restore another transmission line in the same area, without restoring any additional load, what would be the impact on the generator during the line restoration? A. MW output would increase B. MVAR output would decrease C. MW and MVAR output would remain unchanged D. MVAR output would increase to maximum B. MVAR output would decrease If your system is experiencing high system loads, high system imports, and transmission facilities loaded to 100%, which of the following situations would make the situation worse? A. loss of a distribution station B. an internal generator tripping C. a bulk capacitor connecting to the system D. a 500 KV transmission line returned to service B. an internal generator tripping Your system planning group has determined that the TTC is 475 MW, but the ATC is 425 MW. If current reservations total 375 MW, how much capacity is available for reserving? A. 50 MW B. 100 MW C. 425 MW D. 475 MW A. 50 MW Today's weather is sunny and 86 F and the system load is 5400 MW. tomorrow's weather is forecasted to be sunny and 92 F, what would be the expected impact on the forecasted load A. load will be 5400 MW B. load will be 5400 MW C. load will be the same 5400 MW D. load will be 4500 MW A. load will be 5400 MW According to NERC standards, how often is the RC required to perform a real time assessment of the system? A. at least once every 30 minutes B. hourly C. every 60 minutes until the problem is mitigated D. once a day by 1500 PST or CST A. at least once every 30 minutes Which of the following is not a parameter that is used for automatic load shedding schemes? A. rate of generation reduction B. voltage C. power flow levels D. rate of voltage decay A. rate of generation reduction According to EOP-005, the restoration plan should consider all of the following except A. strategies that are coordinated with the RC B. identification of blackstart resources C. back-up generators in transmission stations D. identification of crancking paths C. back-up generators in transmission stations If an IROL is exceeded in real time that was identified as an on-going IROL, what should the system operator do to mitigate the exceedance? A. implement the IROL mitigation procedure B. ask your planning group to develop the mitigation plan C. determine what actions need to be implemented D. run a power flow study to determine the implications A. implement the IROL mitigation procedure Which of the following is not a source of reactive power? A. shunt capacitors B. shunt reactors C. generators D. synchronous condenser B. shunt reactors All of the following are appropriate actions for an operator to take when a time error correction has been issued except: A. enter the new scheduled frequency into the control system B. start time error correction at the designated time C. log the time error correction D. have plant operators adjust governor output manually D. have plant operators adjust governor output manually Your system is experiencing a large amount of generator outages. While evaluating the system for the next days operations you determine that the system will be short capacity if the load projection is realized. which of the following actions would be the first action to be implemented A. attempt to cancel the generator maintenance outages B. remove environmental constraints from available generators C. reduce all commercial customer load D. implement a voltage reduction A. attempt to cancel the generator maintenance outages Synch-scopes should be calibrated in A. clock minutes B. degrees C. according to company specs D. as required by the RC B. degrees If a turbine governor control is set to provide full movement of turbine valves for a 3Hz change in frequency, what is the droop setting of the governor? A. 0% B. 3% C. 5% D. 10% C. 5% The BA shall verify and asses all of the following for interchange transactions except A. transaction start time B. scheduling path C. energy profile D. loss accounting D. loss accounting If a faulted transmission line is isolated with the CBs at each end of the line and locks out. Personnel at station A report a zone 1 relay target, while personnel at station B report a zone 2 relay target. Where is the most likely area of fault based on this information? A. station bus B B. within 10% of the distance from station A C. between 90-120% of the line from station A D. within 10% of the distance from station B B. within 10% of the distance from station A If a control center SCADA system fails, what impact would that have on the system operator's visibility capability? A. their EMS system would not be receiving data to monitor B. their data scan rates would increase and the data would update faster C. SE and CA would be running quicker D. there would be no impact on their monitoring capability A. their EMS system would not be receiving data to monitor Which of the following information would be required to be submitted to the RC for completion of system studies? A. load, generation, reserve projections B. load, cost projections, generation C. reserve costs, critical facility status, load D. load, generation, projected system costs A. load, generation, reserve projections If 2 parallel lines connecting station A to station B are rated at 350 MVA for line 1 and 300 MVA for Line 2, what is the contingency transfer capability between the 2 stations? A. 300 MVA B. 350 MVA C. 475 MVA D. 650 MVA A. 300 MVA In the ACE equation B represents which of the following? A. a percentage of your companies estimated annual peak load B. the percentage of generation available in fast start turbines C. the frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the BA D. a percentage of your MSSC C. the frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the BA If a minor system event caused a generator to separate from the system due to an out-of-step condition, which of the following could be the most likely 1. out-of-step relay scheme 2. Ferranti-rise 3. system instability 4. operator error A. 1 & 2 B. 1 & 3 C. 1 & 4 D. 2 & 4 B. 1 & 3 What would be the impact on a BA's ACE if the frequency bias is 250/0.1Hz and a time error correction were started? A. 25 MW b. 50 MW C. 125 MW D. 250 MW b. 50 MW What is the relationship between the study power flow program and contingency analysis? A. study power flow uses CA to solve B. CA can be run on the results of study power flow C. there is no relationship between SPF and CA D. SPF and CA are the same program A. study power flow uses CA to solve Because of the importance of telemetered data, it is imperative that the system operator ensures that the values are verified A. continuously B. every hour C. every shift D. only when an alarm is received A. continuously If an SOL or IROL violation occurs due to transfers across the system and it is determined that parallel flows are contributing to the violation, what should the system operator do? A. place all system capacitors in service B. reduce system load C. inform the RC D. dump firm load C. inform the RC If NERC states that an IROL must be corrected ASAP, but no longer than 30 minutes, but the RC has indicated that an existing IROL has a T v of 15 minutes, which of the following is true about the time to mitigate the IROL exceedance? A. NERC states 30 minutes and that is what you should adhere to B. the RC can have a more restrictive time imposed to correct the IROL so you should use the 15 minute criteria C. if NERC and the RC cannot agree, utilize your best judgement D. request the RC to bring the issue up at the next RC working group meeting and utilize the 30 minutes B. the RC can have a more restrictive time imposed to correct the IROL so you should use the 15 minute criteria The RC is required to comply with which of the following? A. regional reliability plan B. transmission operator logging protocol C. BA directives D. generator operator schedules A. regional reliability plan Who is responsible to ensure that the generation is scheduled to meet the load and cover the reserves and inform the RC of any deficiencies? A. TOP B. BA C. GOP D. PSE B. BA If a transmission line with MW flowing from station XYZ to station ABC is exceeding its thermal limit, which of the following actions would correct the situation? A. increase generation at station XYZ B. decrease generation at station ABC C. shed load at station XYZ D. shed load at station ABC D. shed load at station ABC Which of the following characteristics would not be considered when determining the ratings on transmission facilities? A. Thermal capabilities B. Stability considerations C. Geographic location D. Voltage limits C. Geographic location If system conditions require the system operator to implement a voltage reduction, which of the following facilities would be utilized to implement it? A. 230 KV/115 KV tap change B. Distribution bus C. 500 KV/230 KV transformer D. Generator AVR B. Distribution bus Which of the following instances is it acceptable to increase your areas inadvertent accumulation? A. Prevent starting high cost generation B. Assist in maintaining system frequency C. Reduce your system's peak load D. Carry your system over the peak B. Assist in maintaining system frequency If a balancing authorities ACE is on zero and as a result of the implementation of a time error correction the ACE now indicates under generation of 40 MW what is the BAs frequency bias setting A. 40 MW B. 100 MW C. 200 MW D. 400 MW C. 200 MW If a transmission operator is experiencing a SOL or IROL violation how long does the entity have to correct the problem A. 10 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 60 minutes C. 30 minutes Why is it important that events that result in a relay scheme misoperation be reported promptly A. To initiate repairs B. To reduce maintenance costs C. To reduce relay technician involvement D. To avoid a NERC investigation A. To initiate repairs You receive indication that all of the CBs on a bus have opened and locked out, which of the following relays would you expect to have operated A. 59G B. 87B C. 87T D. 21-1 B. 87B Reactive resources shall be dispersed and located ____ so that they can be applied effectively and quickly when contingencies occur A. Electrically B. Geographically C. Sparingly D. Externally A. Electrically Which of the following is not required of transmission operators and balancing authorities with regards to telecommunications A. Actively monitored B. Satellite back up C. Alarmed D. Tested B. Satellite back up If an interchange transaction schedule has been confirmed by all parties involved in the transaction, what is the system operator's next step? A. Verify the schedule a second time B. Implement the schedule C. Obtain approval from all parties involved D. Cancel the schedule B. Implement the schedule If a transmission line has a flow of 500 MW and the LODF for a parallel line due to the loss of this line is .25, how many MW will shift to this line if the line relays out of service A. 50 MW B. 125 MW C. 250 MW D. 500 MW B. 125 MW For security reasons, to mitigate an SOL/IROL violation, the tag must be submitted within ____ minutes after the transaction has been implemented which is part of an energy sharing agreement A. 2 B. 35 C. 60 D. 90 C. 60 Your system configuration presents you with a situation of having two parallel lines between two stations. The lines have different ratings. Line A has a rating of 250 MVA while Line B has a rating of 200 MVA. Based on the line ratings, what is the first contingency transfer capability between the two stations A. 50 MVA B. 200 MVA C. 250 MVA D. 450 MVA B. 200 MVA A NERC event report is required for all of the following events except A. Manual load shedding of 100 MW B. System wide voltage reduction of 3% or more C. Automatic firm load shedding of 50 MW D. Voltage excursion of +/- 10% for 15 continuous minutes C. Automatic firm load shedding of 50 MW NERC requires that each BA verifies and agrees with its neighboring BA at least once a day for the ____ A. Unused transmission rights B. Total scheduled and actual interchange C. Voltage schedules in the bordering areas D. Interchange schedules impacted by special protection schemes B. Total scheduled and actual interchange You are operating on a hot summer day when the system is near record loads, you receive a report that severe thunderstorms and rain are coming into your area, if the heavy rains occur, what would be the expected impact on your system load A. System load should increase B. System load should decrease C. System load should remain unchanged D. System load would remain the same, but voltages would drop B. System load should decrease Study power flow is a program used by system operators to do which of the following A. Study the impact of line outages before removing the lines from service B. Develop their next day load forecast C. Determine when capacitor banks should be switched in service D. Evaluate the accuracy of state estimator A. Study the impact of line outages before removing the lines from service If a 100 MVAR shunt capacitor is operated at 90% of its rated voltage, what would the actual MVAR output of the capacitor be A. 75 MVAR B. 81 MVAR C. 90 MVAR D. 100 MVAR B. 81 MVAR When participating in an operating instruction using three-part communication, what should the system operator do if the recipient of the message does not repeat the message back A. Report them to NERC for non-compliance B. Request the recipient of the message to repeat the message back and confirm C. Hang up and call someone else in their control room D. Send them an email with the same information B. Request the recipient of the message to repeat the message back and confirm If a transmission Tieline has a conductor rating 95 MVA with a current transformer rated 85 MVA on your end and a current transformer rated at 90 MVA on the other end, what is the limit that would be used for the operation of the line? A . 85 MVA B. 90 MVA C. 95 MVA D. 175 MVA A. 85 MVA Relay schemes should be designed so that automatic re-closing during ____ conditions should be prevented A. System restoration B. TLR C. Out of step D. Thunderstorm C. Out of step If an RC in area B observes an operational concerns such as declining voltages or an IROL violation in neighboring RC area C which of the following entities should RC B contact A. Reliability coordinator C B. Reliability coordinator C's regional Council C. NERC Director of compliance D. All entities operating in area B A. Reliability coordinator C All of the following actions will assist a BA in preparing for an anticipated capacity deficiency except A. Reserve additional gas for combustion turbines B. Cancel all non-firm imports C. Decrease curtailable exports D. Commit to interchange purchases in advance B. Cancel all non-firm imports Which of the following is a concern when GMD activity is high A. Lower voltage is the normal due to the excess MVAR's on the system B. DC currents flowing up the neutral of transformers and causing overheating C. Extreme low temperatures due to the solar flare dust clouds D. Under frequency load shedding relays operating due to higher frequencies B. DC currents flowing up the neutral of transformers and causing overheating A BA which has experienced an operating capacity emergency shall promptly balance it's ____ and ___ to its load A. Generation and interchange schedules B. Generation and transmission capacity C. Generation and reactive capability D. Capacitors and reactors A. Generation and interchange schedules How should a transmission operator that is affected by or contributing to transmission SOL or IROL limit violations respond to the situation A. When time permits B. In coordination with other impacted entities C. Independent of all other parties D. Only at the direction of the RC B. In coordination with other impacted entities The next day security analysis performed by the RC shall ensure that ____ A. The bulk power system can be operated in anticipated normal and contingency conditions B. All unavailable generation and transmission made available C. All interchange is scheduled D. The load forecast is within 5% of actual A. The bulk power system can be operated in anticipated normal and contingency conditions If an RC identifies that there is a potential transmission related problem in the area who should they notify A. All purchasing selling entities B. Marketers in the area C. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection D. Generation operators in the area of the potential problem C. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection Which of the following types of units are normally operated as baseload units A. Nuclear and combustion turbines B. Nuclear and Hydro units C. Fossil fuel units (coal, oil, and gas) D. Nuclear and coal units D. Nuclear and coal units Which of the following must each transmission operator ensure the availability and location of within its area to meet the needs of the restoration plan A. Reactive reserves B. Sufficient generation C. Black start capability D. Transmission paths C. Black start capability If a transmission operator is requested to operate a transmission line to its short time rating, this means that the facility can be operated above which of the following? A. Normal continuous rating B. Emergency rating C. 150% of the line rating D. 175% of the MVA limit A. Normal continuous rating Which of the following actions should the system operator implement first if transmission line limits exceed the facilities emergency limits based on a contingency that has not yet occurred but their protocols are to respond on a pre-contingency basis A. Reduce voltages in the area of the violation B. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable C. Only implement actions if the contingency occurs D. Remove the facility from service B. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable If your system operating criteria states that the emergency thermal limit for a transmission facility is equal to 120% of its thermal limit, what would be the emergency thermal limit for a facility with a thermal limit of 350 MVA A. 370 MVA B. 385 MVA C. 420 MVA D. 435 MVA C. 420 MVA If a transmission operator has to remove a transmission facility from service which of the following do they have to provide notification to? A. All transmission operators in the interconnection B. Potentially affected transmission operators C. Distribution providers D. All PSE's with a transmission service B. Potentially affected transmission operators Upon completion of their day ahead studies, the RC identifies potential problems on the transmission system during the next days operation, which of the following should the RC notify A. RC's in the interconnection B. Department of energy C. Regional reliability organization D. NERC A. RC's in the interconnection If a transmission operator sees a potential problem on a tie facility with a neighboring TOP but the neighboring TOP does not see the same problem what should the TOP's do A. Implement all available actions to mitigate regardless of time available B. If time allows determine the cause of the disagreement C. Inquire with a third TOP to see what they are seeing D. Change the limit on the line B. If time allows determine the cause of the disagreement If a BA is unable to calculate ACE for more than ___ minutes it still notify it's RC A. 15 B. 30 C. 60 D. 90 B. 30 If your interconnection experienced a disturbance that caused the frequency to decay and activated the under frequency relays in your surrounding BA, but frequency still remains low and your ACE is indicating under generation, what would be the next course of action for you to take A. Wait until the RC questions you about your ACE B. Drop additional load to return ACE to zero C. Reduce generator output D. Place all capacitors in service B. Drop additional load to return Ace to zero If a major transmission facility were to relay out of service who is the system operator supposed to inform A. NERC B. Only local management C. All entities in the interconnection D. Any impacted system D. Any impacted system If a transmission operator has lost the functionality of their EMS, what actions should the system operator take A. Wait until the functionality is restored regardless of how long it takes B. Request building services to swap over to the control center backup power supply C. Swap over to back up server or evacuate to back up control center D. Inform operations management and let them decide what to do C. Swap over to back up server or evacuate to back up control center What would be the most likely event if the BAs frequency dropped and the Tieline flows indicate an increase in MW leaving the area A. Loss of internal load B. Loss of load outside the area C. Internal generator tripped D. Generator outside the area tripped D. Generator outside the area tripped What would be the most likely event if the frequency in your BA declines in the interchange out of your area increased A. An internal generator tripped B. An external generator tripped C. Internal load was lost D. External load was lost B. An external generator tripped It is determined that as a result of scheduled outages in progress, contingency analysis indicates that a single contingency may threaten system reliability. What actions should the system operator implement A. Cancel the scheduled outage and return equipment to service B. Schedule emergency power from neighboring BAs C. Ask BA to schedule additional exports D. Request engineering to change operating limits A. Cancel the scheduled outage and return equipment to service What are the two most important pieces of information necessary for performing the next days load forecast A. Current weather and yesterday's load curve B. Weather forecast and past load patterns C. Weather forecast and monthly average temperatures D. Weather forecast in current day generation schedules B. Weather forecast and past load patterns Which of the following system elements would be considered reactive power sources 1. Generators 2. Shunt reactors 3. Transformers 4. Synchronous condensers A. 1&3 B. 2&3 C. 3&4 D. 1&4 D. 1&4 If the system operator were using a power flow study program to evaluate potential problems for the next days operation, which of the following information would have to be modeled? 1. Transmission outages 2. Generation schedules 3. Projected system cost 4. Spinning reserves A. 1&2 B. 2&3 C. 3&4 D. 1&4 A. 1&2 According to NERC standards how often is the RC required to perform a real time assessment of the system A. At least once every 30 minutes B. Hourly C. Every 60 minutes until the problem is mitigated D. Once a Day by 1500 PST or CST A. At least once every 30 minutes A generator can assist the system operator in providing voltage support by increasing A. Spinning reserves B. It's ramp rate C. MW output D. MVAR output D. MVAR output Every region, subregion, or interregional coordinating group shall establish one or more ___ to continuously assess transmission security and coordinate emergency operations among the BAs within the subregion, region, and across the regional boundaries A. Reliability coordinators B. Transmission operators C. Market participants D. Balancing areas A. Reliability coordinators If a synchronous condenser is over excited, what is its relationship with regards to reactive power? A. Absorbs reactive power B. Supplies reactive power C. Neither absorbs nor supplies reactive power D. Supplies and absorbs reactive power at the same time B. Supplies reactive power Which of the following statements is true with regards to primary and backup control center functionality? A. They must be identical in appearance and equipment B. They cannot depend on each other to have full functionality C. They must be within 25 miles of each other D. They are required to be equipped with the same communication system B. They cannot depend on each other to have full functionality If the estimated charging incurred from switching a 500 KV line in-service is 1.7 MVAR per mile, what would be incurred if a 100 mile long 500 KV line were switched in service A. 85 MVAR B. 170 MVAR C. 850 MVAR D. It cannot be calculated with the information provided B. 170 MVAR A transmission constraint is a limitation on one or more transmission elements that may be reached during A. Normal conditions only B. Emergency conditions only C. Normal or contingency system operations D. Restoration operations C. Normal or contingency system operations If a BA has a scheduled interchange of 300 MW that started on the hour, what would be the hourly integrated value if the transactions were curtailed on the half hour A .100 MWHR B. 150 MWHR C. 200 MWHR D. 300 MWHR B. 150 MWHR Which of the following situations would warrant the suspension of the standards of conduct A. ACE is not on zero B. System voltages are above 103% of nominal C. System reliability is jeopardized D. CPS standard is not met C. System reliability is jeopardized Each BA and GOP shall comply with reliability directives issued by the TOP, unless such actions would violate all of the following except A. Safety requirements B. Equipment requirements C. Regulatory requirements D. Market requirements D. Market requirements Returning system frequency to normal following a disturbance is the responsibility of the ___ A. Reliability coordinator B. Contingent balancing authority C. All balancing authorities in the interconnection D. Regional monitor B. Contingent balancing authority Which of the following entities are the only ones allowed to act as an interconnection time monitor A. RTO's B. Reliability coordinators C. Regional reliability organizations D. Market monitoring groups B. Reliability coordinators In the ACE equation B represents which of the following A. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority B. The percentage of generation available in fast start turbines C. A percentage of your most severe single contingency D. A percentage of your companies estimated annual peak load A. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority If NERC states that an IROL must be corrected as soon as possible, but no longer than 30 minutes, but the RC has indicated that an existing IROL has a Tv of 15 minutes, which is true about the time to mitigate the IROL exceedance A. If NERC and the RC cannot agree utilize your best judgment B. The RC can have a more restrictive time imposed to correct the IROL so you should use the 15 minute criteria C. Request the RC to bring up the issue at the next RC working group meeting and utilize the 30 minutes D. NERC States 30 minutes and that is what you should adhere to B. The RC can have a more restrictive time imposed to correct the IROL so you should use the 15 minute criteria If a BAs ACE is on zero and as a result of the implementation of a time error correction the ACE now indicates under generation of 40 MW, what is the BAs frequency bias setting A. 200 MW B. 100 MW C. 400 MW D. 40 MW A. 200 MW If two parallel lines connecting station A to station B are rated at 350 MVA for line 1 and 300 MVA for line 2 what is the contingency transfer capability between the two stations A. 475 MVA B. 350 MVA C. 650 MVA D. 300 MVA D. 300 MVA If a TOP has to remove a transmission facility from service which of the following do they have to provide notification to A. Distribution providers B. Potentially affected transmission operators C. All PSE with transmission service D. All TOP's in the interconnection B. Potentially affected transmission operators A transmission constraint is a limitation on one or more transmission elements that may be reached during A. Normal or contingency system operations B. Emergency conditions only C. Restoration operations D. Normal conditions only A. Normal or contingency system operations You are BA area A, with 2 tie lines to BA area B and 3 tie lines to BA area C. The lines between BA area A and BA area B are loaded with interchange transactions as follows: +150 and -100. The lines with BA area C are loaded with interchange transactions as follows: +200, -150, and +125. What is the net interchange for BA area A A. -175 B. -225 C. +225 D. +175 C. +225 If a transmission operator has lost the functionality of their EMS what actions should the system operator take A. Swap over to back up server or evacuate to back up control center B. Request building services to swap over to the control center backup power supply C. Inform operations management and let them decide what to do D. Wait until the functionality is restored regardless of how long it takes A. Swap over to back up server or evacuate to back up control center What is a major reason for identifying the transfer capabilities of the transmission system A. To proactively avoid system problems B. To mitigate transmission constraints in real time C. To maximize the income of the transmission owners D. To identify all bottled generators A. To proactively avoid system problems What is the advantage of coordinating transmission outages A. Prevents telling anyone about them B. Keeping information away from marketers C. Ensure system reliability D. Increase IROL limits C. Ensure system reliability If a transmission line with MW flowing from station XYZ to station A