PSU PSYCH 100 Crosby Exam 2 With Complete Solutions

PSU PSYCH 100 Crosby Exam 2 With Complete Solutions altered state of consciousness - answerany of various states of awareness (as dreaming sleep, a drug-induced hallucinogenic state, or a trance) that deviate from and are usually clearly demarcated from ordinary waking consciousness circadian rhythm - answera cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period consciousness - answera person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment dreams - answera succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. usually occur during REM dreams - answer narcolepsy - answera disorder of unknown cause "that is characterized by excessive sleepiness that typically is associated with cataplexy and other REM-sleep phenomena, such as sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations narcolepsy - answer non-REM sleep - answero Stage 1: light sleep; hypnic jerk; hypnagogic images o Stage 2: temperature, breathing and heart rate decrease; sleep spindles o Stage 3: growth hormones released; hard to wake up REM behavior disorder - answermechanism that typically blocks the movement of voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and get up and act out nightmares. • Paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is incomplete or absent • Most commonly in older males • Medication is available REM sleep - answer• REM (Rapid Eye Movement) • Eyes move under eyelids • Increase in body function (e.g. heart beat) • 90% of dreaming • REM paralysis REM sleep - answer sleep need - answer sleepwalking - answeroccurs during deep (Stage 3; Non-REM) sleep; moving around or walking around in one's sleep. • Most common in children • Can also be dangerous • Happens most frequently because of inadequate sleep theories of sleep - answer• Adaptive theory - animals and humans both evolve certain sleep patterns to avoid predators; sleep when the predators are most active. • Restorative theory - sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body. • Memory consolidation - helps us to sort out what we need to remember and what we can forget. • Creative thinking / problem solving - "sleeping on" an issue • Growth - people who do not get a good amount of sleep on a regular basis have a higher risk of obesity. absolute threshold - answer• Least energy for correct stimulus detection of 50% of time • lowest level of energy a person can reliably detect binocular cues - answercues for perceiving depth based on both eyes