History iGCSE Paper 4: Germany, : Weimar and Nazi Rise
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History iGCSE Paper 4: Germany, 1918-1945: Weimar
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History IGCSE Paper 4: Germany, 1918-1945: Weimar
How important was the work of Goebbels in the Nazi takeover in Germany? Explain your answer.
IT WAS IMPORTANT, BECAUSE...
He realised the power of publicity...
- He joined the Nazi Party in 1924
- From early on in his political career as a Nazi, he deliberately provoked street brawls and beer-h...
how important was the work of goebbels in the nazi
how significant was stresemann in the recovery of
how significant was the enabling act in the consol
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History iGCSE Paper 4: Germany, 1918-1945: Weimar
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History iGCSE Paper 4: Germany,
1918-1945: Weimar and Nazi Rise
How important was the work of Goebbels in the Nazi takeover in
Germany? Explain your answer.
IT WAS IMPORTANT, BECAUSE...
He realised the power of publicity...
- He joined the Nazi Party in 1924
- From early on in his political career as a Nazi, he deliberately
provoked street brawls and beer-hall fights at his speeches, aware of
the effect of both good and bad publicity
- Like Hitler, he was a talented speaker and knew how to capture the
attention and support of a crowd
- Because of all this, on the 14th of March 1933, shortly after
Hitler became Chancellor, he was made Minister for People's
Enlightenment and Propaganda
His effective use of propaganda silenced the Nazis enemies...
- He realised that propaganda was essential in spreading the Nazi's
message through the press, radio, film, music, literature, art,
rallies, etc.
- He also used propoganda to silence political opponents and 'enemies
of he state', so that the German people could not access and be
influenced by anti-Nazi views
- Left-wing/liberal/democratic newspapers were shut down, he created
the the 'People's Receiver', which had a short range to ensure so
that people couldn't listen to foreign radio,
He produced an insidious and invasive stream of propaganda...
- This constant exposure hammered his views into the German people's
minds, normalising things like the superiority of the Aryan race,
anti-Semitism, traditional family values, and the expansion of
Germany
- Goebbels also created the 'Hitler myth' and a personality cult
around him by portraying him as a fatherly, almost godly figure and
the strong leader that Germany needed. This helped to subliminally
convince the German people that his views were morally right
IT WASN'T IMPORTANT, BECAUSE...
Other leaders of the Nazi Party were more important in the Nazi
,takeover of Germany...
- Hitler was such an excellent speaker and brought so many new
members to the party that he soon replaced Anton Drexler as the party
leader in 1921 after joining in 1919
- After the failure of the Munich Putsch, he introduced the 'hold our
noses' tactic, in which the Nazis planned to destroy the Reichstag
from the inside after seeing that violence didn't work
- Himmler was the leader of the SS, which was essential in the rise
of the Nazis, as it ran the terror state
- For example, the SD, a branch of the SS, collected information on
the Nazis' political opponents, which was then handed over to the
Gestapo, another branch, who captured, interrogated or tortured them
- Röhm was the leader of the SA, which carried out much of the
terrorising anti-Nazi newspaper reporters and disrupting political
opponents' meetings
Resentment of the Treaty of Versailles also played a great role...
- Clause 231 of the Treaty was outrageous in the eyes of most Germans
as it blamed them solely for the outbreak of World War I, which was
simply untrue
- The Weimar government, many of whom were Jews due to their
overrepresentation in high-profile jobs such as bankers, lawyers and
politicians, had signed the Treaty after the delegation before them
had refused and resigned from the Paris Peace Conference
- This created the 'stab in the back myth' (or 'dolchstosslegende')
and meant that the Weimar Republic and Jews would be always
associated with the Treaty
- This built-up resentment was only furthered by Germany's
frustration with having been left out of the League of Nations (which
was also heavily associated with the Treaty, as it had been
established through it)
- The Nazis capitalised on this widespread anger, promising to undo
the shameful Treaty and overthrow the betraying, 'anti-German'
government as well as preaching against Jews
Ultimately, the Nazis would have never have come to power without the
Depression...
- Before the Depression occurred in 1929, Weimar had been recovering
and support for extremists had dropped
- The economic distress, however, drove the working and middle
classes to the extreme left and right, who promised that they, at
least, would bring them a stable job and food ('arbeit und bröt')
- This is made evident by the surge of support for both the Nazis and
the KPD, who by 1930, were respectively the second and third largest
, parties in the Reichstag
- The increase in support for communism frightened the upper class,
who in turn funded the Nazis to avoid a communist revolution
How significant was Stresemann in the recovery of Germany after 1923?
Explain your answer.
HE WAS SIGNIFICANT, BECAUSE...
He fixed the economy...
- Gustav Stressmann, a skilled economist, became Chancellor in August
1923 and called off the strike in the Ruhr and sent the workers back
to work
- He then introduced the Rentenmark, later followed by the Reichsmark,
as a replacement for the Papiermark, ending hyperinflation
- He then initiated discussions with the Allies, leading to the Dawes
and later the Young Plan, which halved the amount of reparations
Germany was required to pay, allowed her to pay 1 billion every years
and got the USA to agree to loan her 800 million marks
He improved Germany's foreign relations...
- His initiative to start discussion with the Allies led to the
relationship between them and Germany improving, opening the door to
Germany becoming more involved in foreign affairs
- In 1925, she signed the Locarno Treaties, in which the borders of
Germany were discussed and Germany agreed to join the League of
Nations
- In September 1926, she joined the League of Nations as a permanent
member of the Security Council
- In 1928, she signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact, promising not to go to
war
This laid the base for Germany's recovery...
- With a new, functioning economy, German industries could start
expanding again, and could afford to re-employ many of those who'd
been laid off, leading to Germany reaching her pre-war production
- It also allowed Germany to begin trading more, especially as her
relationship with other countries had now improved
- The signing of the Locarno Treaties led to what is known as the
'Locarno honeymoon': people all over Europe, including Germany, began
to feel hopeful and optimistic about the future, feeling that there
was a real possibility to change and improve the state of the world
- This also led to an increase in support for Weimar, as people's
lives improved and they began to feel prepared to give this new
system a chance
HE WASN'T SIGNIFICANT, BECAUSE...
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