KINE 433 Exam 3 || with 100% Correct Answers.
Acclimation correct answers short-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(days/weeks)
Acclimatization correct answers long-term adaptation to environmental stressor
(months/years)
Conversions for temp correct answers - ºC = (ºF - 32) / 1.8
- ºF = (ºC x 1.8) + 32
Conduction (K) correct answers the movement of heat from one solid to another one that has different temperature when they are touching each other. For example, we can warm our hands by touching hot-water bottles.
Convection (C) correct answers the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Radiation (R) correct answers the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
Skin Arteriole Effectors in Heat correct answers - SNS vasodilation (VD) enhances heat
loss
Eccrine Sweat Gland Effectors in Heat correct answers - SNS stimulation of sweating à E heat
loss
- Acetylcholine: sympathetic cholinergic
stimulation
- More responsive to changes in core
temperature than skin temperature
Exercise in the heat leads to correct answers increased Metabolism heat load, disturbs thermal
homeostasis in most environments
Effects on Cardiovascular function correct answers - Skin arterioles VD to á C heat loss,
requires á blood flow compared to
exercise in the cold
- POAH triggers SNS: cardiac output á
further via HR/contractility, á VC to
nonessential tissues
- Blood volume â (sweat), SV can't á
(blood pooling), so HR á further to
compensate (cardiovascular drift)
Sweat Rate correct answers increases with increasing workload
Rectal Temperature correct answers increases with increasing
workload
Heat Cramp warning signs correct answers Fatigue, Excessive Thirst, Profuse Sweating, Painful Large Muscle Cramps
Heat Exhaustion correct answers Nausea, Chills Goosebumps, Headache
Heatstroke correct answers Cessation of sweating, Confusion, Loss of consciousness
Heat Stress correct answers WBGT measures air temperature and accounts for heat
exchange via conduction, convection, evaporation, and
radiation
• Heat cramps are caused by loss of fluids and sodium
due to excessive sweating
• Heat exhaustion results from the cardiovascular
system's failure to meet the needs of the active muscles
and skin due to dehydration and low blood volume
• Heat exhaustion can deteriorate into heat stroke
• Heatstroke is caused by failure of the body'
s thermoregulatory system, which can be fatal
Repeated Exercise in Heat correct answers rapid changes for better performance in hot conditions
Effects of acclimation correct answers - Cardiovascular function optimized
- Sweating rate, sweat distribution, and sweat content
change
- Results in a lower core temperature during exercise
Skin Arteriole Effectors in cold correct answers - SNS vasoconstriction (VC) minimizes
heat loss
Skeletal Muscle Effectors in cold correct answers - Help generate additional heat via
shivering (only heat production)
Endocrine Gland effectors in cold correct answers - increase Metabolism leads to increased heat production
- Cooling leads to release of thyroxine,
catecholamines (hormonal stimulation
of heat production)
Exercise in the Cold Key Points correct answers • Peripheral vasoconstriction decreases the transfer of
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