MMBIO 151 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions

Aristotle Correct Answer-Life can arise from nonliving matter, if that matter contained pneuma (vital heat). Van Helmont Correct Answer-Mice could arise from rags and wheat kernels left in an open container for 3 weeks. Other than that observation he was a remarkable scientist and the founder of pneumatic chemistry. Francesco Redi Correct Answer-One of the first experiments to refute spontaneous generation. Flies do not spontaneously generate from raw meat. John Needham Correct Answer-1745 Boiled, loosely sealed flasks containing a meat broth for a few minutes killed microbes, as evidenced by a clear broth. After a few days the broth appeared cloudy and microbes could be observed using a microscope. Concluded that microbes came from nonliving things. Lazzaro Spallanzani Correct Answer-Heated but sealed flasks remained clear, without any signs of spontaneous growth, unless the flasks were subsequently opened to the air. Microbes were introduced into the