Test BANK For Biochemistry A Short Course Fourth Edition (c)2019 John Tymoczko; Jeremy M. Berg; Gregory J. Gatto Jr.; Lubert Stryer Chapter 1 -41 Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life Matching Questions Use the following to answer questions 1 –10: Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. a) uracil b) cytoplasm c) protein d) thymine e) carbohydrate f) sugar –phosphate units g) cell wall h) transcription i) glycogen j) lipid k) central dogma l) phagocytosis m) endoplasmic reticulum n) translation o) prokaryotes p) eukaryotes q) lyso some 1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytos ine, and ____________. Ans: d Section: 1.2 2. ____________ : Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three -dimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell. Ans: c Section: 1.2 3. ____________ : Scheme that describes the flow of in formation from one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA . Ans: k Section: 1.3 2 4. ____________ : Process where large amounts of material are taken into the cell. Ans: l Section: 1.3 5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called ________ ____. Ans: h Section: 1.3 6. ____________ are cells that are composed of multiple specialized compartments . Ans: p Section: 1.4 7. ____________ : Class of biological macromolecules w ith many functions , such as forming barriers between cell organe lles, serving as a metabolic fuel , and cell -to-
cell signaling. Ans: j Section: 1.2 8. ____________ : Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic metabolism occurs. Ans: b Section: 1.4 9. ____________ : Responsible for protein processing a nd xenobiotic metabolism. Ans: m Section: 1.4 10.. ____________ : Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes. Ans: q Section: 1.4 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level. Ans: molecu lar Section : Introduction 12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living systems is . Ans: carbon Section : 1.1 13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be . Ans: hydrophilic Section : 1.2 3 14. A nucleot ide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose sugar , and a nitrogen -containing aromatic ring group. Ans: phosph oryl Section : 1.2 15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is . Ans: glucose Section: 1.2 16. Heritable information is p ackaged into discrete units called . Ans: genes Section: 1.3 17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication. Ans: DNA polymerase Section: 1.3 18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ due to selective . Ans: expression Section: 1.3 19. The basic unit of life is considered the . Ans: cell Section: 1.4 20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material outside of the cell via . Ans: exocytosis Section : 1.4 Multiple -Choice Questions 22. In higher organisms, w hich of the following is composed of a polymer with double -
stranded phosphodiester -linked monomers? A) RNA B) DNA C) protein D) carbohydrate E) None of the above. Ans: B Section 1.2 21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included : A) a double helix. B) the sugar –phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. C) the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. D) A and B. E) A and C. Ans: E Section: 1.2 4 23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemistry? A) the variation in protein sizes B) the ability to act as a blueprint C) their ability to self -replicate D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three -dimensional structures E) All of the above. Ans: D Section: 1.2 24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following? A) carbohydrate and amino acids B) long unbranched amino acid polymers C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties D) aggregated amino acids E) A and B Ans: B Section 1.3 25. How a protein folds is determined by : A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic . B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located . C) the pH of the cytoplasm . D) the order of th e amino acids found in the sequence . E) All of the above . Ans: D Section: 1.2 26. The half -life of which of the following is likely to be shortest ? A) protein B) lipid C) carbohydrate D) DNA E) RNA Ans: E Section: 1.2 27. The central dogma describes : A) the forma tion of cells from individual components . B) the selective expression of genes . C) the flow of information between DNA, RNA , and protein . D) the work of polymerases on RNA and DNA . E) All of the above . Ans: C Section: 1.3 28. Translation takes place on/in the: A) ribosomes . B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum .
cell signaling. Ans: j Section: 1.2 8. ____________ : Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic metabolism occurs. Ans: b Section: 1.4 9. ____________ : Responsible for protein processing a nd xenobiotic metabolism. Ans: m Section: 1.4 10.. ____________ : Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes. Ans: q Section: 1.4 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level. Ans: molecu lar Section : Introduction 12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living systems is . Ans: carbon Section : 1.1 13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be . Ans: hydrophilic Section : 1.2 3 14. A nucleot ide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose sugar , and a nitrogen -containing aromatic ring group. Ans: phosph oryl Section : 1.2 15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is . Ans: glucose Section: 1.2 16. Heritable information is p ackaged into discrete units called . Ans: genes Section: 1.3 17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication. Ans: DNA polymerase Section: 1.3 18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ due to selective . Ans: expression Section: 1.3 19. The basic unit of life is considered the . Ans: cell Section: 1.4 20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material outside of the cell via . Ans: exocytosis Section : 1.4 Multiple -Choice Questions 22. In higher organisms, w hich of the following is composed of a polymer with double -
stranded phosphodiester -linked monomers? A) RNA B) DNA C) protein D) carbohydrate E) None of the above. Ans: B Section 1.2 21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included : A) a double helix. B) the sugar –phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. C) the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. D) A and B. E) A and C. Ans: E Section: 1.2 4 23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemistry? A) the variation in protein sizes B) the ability to act as a blueprint C) their ability to self -replicate D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three -dimensional structures E) All of the above. Ans: D Section: 1.2 24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following? A) carbohydrate and amino acids B) long unbranched amino acid polymers C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties D) aggregated amino acids E) A and B Ans: B Section 1.3 25. How a protein folds is determined by : A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic . B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located . C) the pH of the cytoplasm . D) the order of th e amino acids found in the sequence . E) All of the above . Ans: D Section: 1.2 26. The half -life of which of the following is likely to be shortest ? A) protein B) lipid C) carbohydrate D) DNA E) RNA Ans: E Section: 1.2 27. The central dogma describes : A) the forma tion of cells from individual components . B) the selective expression of genes . C) the flow of information between DNA, RNA , and protein . D) the work of polymerases on RNA and DNA . E) All of the above . Ans: C Section: 1.3 28. Translation takes place on/in the: A) ribosomes . B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum .
