HESI FUNDAMENTALS 2024 | ACCURATE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWER | VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE
Question 1: A nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia and is at risk for aspiration. Which
of the following actions should the nurse take?
• A. Offer the client thin liquids.
• B. Instruct the client to tilt their head forward when swallowing.
• C. Encourage the client to lie down after meals.
• D. Use a straw for liquid intake.
Answer: B. Instruct the client to tilt their head forward when swallowing.
Rationale: Tilting the head forward when swallowing can help close the airway to prevent
aspiration. Thin liquids and using a straw can increase the risk of aspiration, and lying down after
meals can also increase this risk.
Question 2: A client who is postoperative is verbalizing pain as a 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. After
assessing the client, which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
• A. Reposition the client.
• B. Administer pain medication.
• C. Check the client's vital signs.
• D. Encourage the client to use relaxation techniques.
Answer: B. Administer pain medication.
Rationale: Pain management is a priority for a postoperative client. Administering pain
medication can provide relief and improve the client’s comfort. Repositioning, checking vital
signs, and relaxation techniques can be secondary actions.
Question 3: A nurse is planning care for a client who is on bed rest. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
• A. Encourage the client to perform leg exercises every 2 hours.
• B. Instruct the client to avoid deep breathing exercises.
, • C. Restrict the client's fluid intake.
• D. Maintain the client in a supine position.
Answer: A. Encourage the client to perform leg exercises every 2 hours.
Rationale: Leg exercises can help prevent thrombus formation and promote circulation. Deep
breathing exercises should be encouraged to prevent respiratory complications, fluid intake
should be encouraged unless contraindicated, and clients should be repositioned frequently to
prevent pressure ulcers.
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a client who requires nasogastric (NG) tube feeding. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
• A. Warm the formula before administering.
• B. Infuse the formula rapidly.
• C. Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees.
• D. Place the client in the left lateral position.
Answer: C. Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees.
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed reduces the risk of aspiration by preventing the formula
from entering the lungs. The formula should not be infused rapidly, and the client should not be
placed in the left lateral position during feeding.
Question 5: A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the use of an incentive
spirometer. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
• A. Exhale completely before placing the mouthpiece in the mouth.
• B. Inhale slowly to raise and maintain the flow rate indicator.
• C. Use the spirometer twice daily.
• D. Hold the breath for at least 2 seconds after inhaling.
Answer: B. Inhale slowly to raise and maintain the flow rate indicator.
Rationale: The correct use of an incentive spirometer involves slow, deep inhalation to raise the
flow rate indicator, helping to expand the lungs and prevent atelectasis. It should be used more
frequently than twice daily, typically 10 times an hour while awake, and exhalation should be
slow and controlled.
,Question 6: A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
• A. Cleanse the meatus from front to back.
• B. Apply sterile gloves before opening the catheter kit.
• C. Inflate the balloon before inserting the catheter.
• D. Position the client supine with legs extended.
Answer: A. Cleanse the meatus from front to back.
Rationale: Cleaning the meatus from front to back reduces the risk of introducing bacteria into
the urinary tract. Sterile gloves should be applied after opening the catheter kit, the balloon
should be inflated after insertion to ensure correct placement, and the client should be positioned
supine with knees flexed and hips externally rotated.
Question 7: A nurse is caring for a client who has just had a seizure. Which of the following
actions should the nurse perform first?
• A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
• B. Measure the client's vital signs.
• C. Reorient the client to the environment.
• D. Document the time and duration of the seizure.
Answer: A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
Rationale: Placing the client in a side-lying position helps maintain an open airway and prevents
aspiration. Measuring vital signs, reorienting the client, and documenting the seizure are
important but secondary to ensuring airway patency.
Question 8: A nurse is teaching a client how to use a cane. Which of the following instructions
should the nurse include?
• A. Hold the cane on the stronger side.
• B. Move the cane forward before moving the weaker leg.
• C. Adjust the height of the cane to the level of the waist.
• D. Move the stronger leg first when using the cane.
Answer: A. Hold the cane on the stronger side.
Rationale: The cane should be held on the stronger side to provide support for the weaker leg.
The cane should be moved forward first, followed by the weaker leg, and then the stronger leg.
The height of the cane should be adjusted to the level of the wrist when the arm is relaxed.
, Question 9: A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving enteral feedings through a
gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent a complication
of the feeding?
• A. Administer the feeding at room temperature.
• B. Flush the tube with 15 mL of water before and after feedings.
• C. Keep the client flat in bed during the feeding.
• D. Check gastric residual volume every 8 hours.
Answer: A. Administer the feeding at room temperature.
Rationale: Administering the feeding at room temperature can help prevent gastric discomfort
and cramping. The tube should be flushed with 30-50 mL of water to prevent clogging, the client
should be positioned with the head of the bed elevated to reduce the risk of aspiration, and
gastric residual volume should be checked every 4-6 hours.
Question 10: A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for
a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
• A. "Shake the inhaler well before each use."
• B. "Breathe in quickly when you release the medication."
• C. "Use the inhaler immediately after eating."
• D. "Rinse your mouth with water before using the inhaler."
Answer: A. "Shake the inhaler well before each use."
Rationale: Shaking the inhaler helps ensure that the medication is properly mixed and ready for
administration. The client should breathe in slowly and deeply, not quickly. The inhaler should
be used before meals to avoid potential nausea, and the mouth should be rinsed after use to
prevent oral thrush, especially with corticosteroid inhalers.
Question 11: A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing difficulty breathing. Which of
the following positions should the nurse instruct the client to assume?
• A. Supine
• B. High-Fowler's
• C. Sims'
• D. Prone
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