ENPC with a focus on Respiratory Pre-Assessment Exam Question with Approved Marking Scheme 2024/2025
Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? - correct answer large tongue relative to size of oropharynx
Obligate nose breathers
Smaller airway diameter
Cricoid cartilage ...
ENPC with a focus on Respiratory
Pre-Assessment Exam Question with
Approved Marking Scheme
2024/2025
Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? -
correct answer large tongue relative to size of oropharynx
Obligate nose breathers
Smaller airway diameter
Cricoid cartilage narrowest area
Larynx more anterior and cephalad
Cartilaginous larynx
Short neck and short trachea
What is normal respiratory rate for the 5 pediatric age groups? -
correct answer infant (1-12 months) - 30-60
Toddler (1-3 years) - 24-40
Preschooler (3-5 years) - 22-34
School age (5-11 years) - 18-30
Adolescent (11-18 years) - 12-16
What is the narrowest area of the pediatric airway? - correct
answer the crichoid cartilage - provides anatomical seal for
uncuffed or cuffless ETT in children younger than 8 years old
,Anatomical and physiological features of pediatric breathing? -
correct answer compensatory mechanisms less effective
Higher metabolic rate
Respiratory rate varies with age
Thin chest wall
Cartilaginous sternum and ribs
Poorly developed intercostal muscles
Diaphragm positioned flat
Ribs horizontally oriented
Fewer smaller alveoli
What age is the respiratory system considered fully developed? -
correct answer 8 years old
Most common chronic childhood illness? - correct answer
asthma, affects 9.3% of children
Do pediatrics have a higher or lower metabolic rate? - correct
answer higher - results in more rapid respiratory rate and less
efficient use of oxygen and glucose. In addition, other symptoms,
such as fever or anxiety, may further increase metabolic rate
A pulse ox reading of less than ____ at sea level is indicative of
respiratory compromise? - correct answer 92%, exceptions
include children with uncorrected congenital heart defects
How to estimate ETT size for pediatrics age 1-10? - correct
answer uncuffed - (age/4)+4, cuffed - (age/4)+3.5
, CO2 monitors may not be effective if the child is less than ____? -
correct answer 2kg
The esophageal detector may be considered for confirmation of
tracheal tube placement in children weighing ___? - correct
answer more than 20kg. It is unreliable in children younger
than 1 year
The appropriate depth of insertion of an ETT can be estimated by
the following formula? - correct answer internal tube diameter
x3.
Studies show that the use of the length based resuscitation tape
to determine depth of the ETT is the most accurate method
An excess of either of these 2 substances causes a direct
excitatory effect on the respiratory center, resulting in increased
rate of ventilation? - correct answer increased paco2 or
increased H+
Most common cause of respiratory distress and failure in the
pediatric patient? - correct answer upper or lower airway
obstructive disorders
Causes of upper airway respiratory distress and failure in
pediatric patients (several)? - correct answer anaphylaxis
Bacterial tracheitis
Croup
Epiglotitis
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