Innate/Natural Immunity - ANSWERSPresent in healthy individuals; nonspecific; rapid response
Ex: epithelial barriers, phagocytes, and inflammation
Acquired/Adaptive Immunity - ANSWERSFrom prior experience with AGN mediated by lymphocytes;
antigen specific; slow response & memory
Ex: lymphocytes & their products (such as antibodies) involved
Humoral Immunity - ANSWERSMediated by antibodies; produced by B-cells; protects against
extracellular microbes/microbial toxins
Cell-Mediated Immunity - ANSWERSMediated by T cells which produce substances to activate
phagocytes; protects against intracellular microbes/microbial toxins; some T cells may kill host cells
harboring microbes
Active Immunity - ANSWERSHost makes their own antibodies (infection or vaccination); long lived
resistance
Ex: use of vaccines against HBV, measles, polio
Passive - ANSWERSAntibodies are made by another organism; antibodies transferred from and actively
immunized organism; short lived immunity
Ex: newborn being breast fed
B-Cell Specificity - ANSWERSImmunoglobulins attached to their membrane- cross linking of antibodies
T-Cell Specificity - ANSWERSHave receptors (TCR)- interaction of many surface proteins
,Specificity - ANSWERSActivated through interaction of antigen & lymphocyte's specific antigen receptors
Diversity - ANSWERSLymphocytes random selection of gene segments resulting in thousands of different
variable region sequences; potential for recognizing at least a billion antigens
Clonal Selection - ANSWERSSurface receptors bind to specific epitopes with high affinity and avidity
stimulating, activation, proliferation, and differentiation
Memory - ANSWERSResponse against an antigen is heightened upon re-exposure
Primary Immune Response - ANSWERSResponse to first exposure; mediated by a naive lymphocyte
(seeing antigen for the first time)
Secondary Immune Response - ANSWERSReferred to as anamnestic response; usually more rapid, and
larger (eliminating the antigen better); result of "memory" lymphocytes
Immunological Homeostasis - ANSWERSConfers health by responding and controlling infection with
moderation
Immunization - ANSWERSInjecting an antigen to cause immunity by inducing a protective immune
response against specific organisms or its associated toxin prior to the encounter with the pathogen
Immunogen - ANSWERSForeign substance the induces an immune response
Antigens - ANSWERSForeign substance that is capable of producing an immune response; can be harmful
or harmless
Regulation - ANSWERSControl and inhibit self-reactive or over-reactive responses by lymphocytes; keeps
the immune system from attacking the host by elimination, permanent inactivation, & inhibition
External Defenses - ANSWERSDesigned to keep microorganisms from entering the body
Ex: normal flora, skin, mucosal secretions, tears, sweat, ph
, Internal Defenses - ANSWERSClears internal invaders after external defense has been breeched
Inflammation - ANSWERSReaction of the body tissue injury or infection that is designed to bring
phagocytic cells and molecules to the area & isolate the area from the rest of the body
Cell Commonly Seen in Acute Inflammation - ANSWERSNeutrophil (PMN)
*Function returns to normal*
Cell/s commonly seen in chronic inflammation - ANSWERSMacrophages & lymphocytes
*Prolonged; may adversely affect function*
Phagocytosis Sequence of Events - ANSWERS1. Increased blood supply to area, due to dilation of blood
vessels
(chemical mediators released dilate vessels; rubor & calor)
2. Increased vascular permeability caused by retraction of endothelial cells lining blood vessels
(allow fluid in plasma to leak to tissues; tumor & dubor)
3. Influx of phagocytes
(facilitated by more capillary permeability; PMNs arrive first; followed by macrophages)
Acute Phase Reactants - ANSWERSIncrease rapidly with infection, surgery, or other trauma; normal
serum constitutes; made mostly by the liver; nonspecific; first-line defense
Ex: Complement & CRP
CRP (C-reactive protein) - ANSWERSCommon indicator of acute inflammation; coats foreign particles and
activates complement; increases within 4 to 6 hours; declines rapidly when the stimulus ceases; hsCRP is
useful for predicting cardiovascular risk
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur Bensuda. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour 8,90 €. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
