three ways in which genetic conditions can occur correct answers the variation in the gene that makes it faulty is spontaneous, the faulty gene is passed from parent to child and may directly causea problem that affects the child at birth or later in life, the faulty gene is passed from parent to c...
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three ways in which genetic conditions can occur correct answers the variation in the gene that
makes it faulty is spontaneous, the faulty gene is passed from parent to child and may directly
causea problem that affects the child at birth or later in life, the faulty gene is passed from parent
to child and may cause a genetic susceptability to trigger the onset of the disorder
germinal period correct answers the period from conception until implantation of the zygote in
the wall of the unerus by the end of the second week
blastocyst correct answers a ball of cells consisting of two layers of cells resulting from rapid cell
replication after fertilisation
trophoblast correct answers the outer cell layer of the blastocyst, enclosing a fluid-filled cavity. It
develops into tissues that support, protect and nourish the developing embryo
embryonic disk correct answers the inner cell layer of the blastocyst containing the cells that will
become the embryo
Implantation correct answers attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall six or seven days
after fertilisation
amnion correct answers a membrane that grows from the trophoblast after implantation. It forms
as a sac that fills with fluid from the mother's tissues
amniotic fluid correct answers fluid that cushoins the developing organism from jolts, helps
maintain constant temperature and provides support and a meduim in which the foetus can move
yolk sac correct answers the structure that produces blood cells until the embryo is capable of
producing its own
chorion correct answers a membrane that forms around the amnion by the end of the second
week. This becomes the foetal part of the placenta
placenta correct answers a complex organ made up of tissue from both the mother and the
embryo that acts simultaneously as a barrier that prevents the bloodstream of the mother and
embryo/foetus from coming into direct contact and as a filter that allows nutrients, oxygeb and
waste products to be exchanged
allantois correct answers the foetal membran that forms the umbilical cord
period of the embryo correct answers the period from implantation until about the end of the
eighth week of gestation
organogenesis correct answers the formation of the basic organs of the body
,ectoderm correct answers the outer cell layer that will form nervous system, skin and hair
mesoderm correct answers the middle cell layer that will form the muscles, bones, ciculatory
sytem and other internal organs
endoderm correct answers the inner cell layer that will form the digestive system, lungs, urinary
tract and glands
histogenesis correct answers the development of function of the organs as they begin to sense,
secrete and move
trimesters correct answers the three periods of three months each into which the nine months of
gestation and often divided when discussing prenatal development
teratogens correct answers any agent that causes a birth defect
thalidomide correct answers a drug that was prescribed to pregantwomen as a sedative and to
control nausea in the early stages of pregnancy. It had a teratogenic effect, causing deformities in
many foetuses
Foetal alcohol syndrome correct answers a complex of abnormalities found in many children of
mothers who drink alcohol heavily during preganacyo
basic emotions correct answers the set of emotions present at birth or emerging early in the first
year that some theorists believe to be biologically programmed
complex emotions correct answers self-conscious or self-evaluative emotions that emerge in the
second year and dependm in part, on cognitive development
emotional display rules correct answers culturally defined rules specifying which emotions
should not be expressed under which circumstances
emotional self-regulation correct answers strategies for managing emotions or adjusting
emotional arousal to an appropriate level of intensity
social referencing correct answers the use of others' emotional expressions to infer the meaning
of otherwise ambiguous situations
empathy correct answers the ability to experience the same emotions that someone else is
experiencing
temperament correct answers a person's characteristic modes of responding emotionally and
behaviourally to environmental events, including such attributes as activity level, irritability,
fearfulness, and sociability
, the six dimensions of temperament correct answers fearful distress. Irritable distress. Positive
affect. Activity level. Attention span/persistence. Rhythmicity
behavioural inhibition correct answers a temperamental attribute reflecting one's tendency to
withdraw from umfamiliar people or situations
early temperament profiles include correct answers easy temperament, difficult temperament and
slow-to-warm-up temperament
easy temperament correct answers temperamental profile in which the child quickly establishes
regular routines, is generally good natured, and adapts easily to novelty
difficult temperament correct answers temperamental profile in which the child is irregular in
daily routines and adapts slowly to new experiences, often responding negatively and intensely
slow-to-warm-up temperament correct answers temperamental profile in which the child is
inactive and moody and displays mild passive resistance to new routines and experiences
goodness of fit model correct answers Thomas and Chess's notion that development is likely to
be optimised when parents' child-rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child's
temperamantal characteristics
attachment correct answers a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterised by
mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity
synchronised routines correct answers generally harmonious interactions between two persons in
which participants adjust their behaviour in response to the partner's feelings and behaviours
Schaffer and Emerson phases of attachment correct answers the asocial phase (birth to about 6
weeks). The phase of indiscriminate attachments (about 6 weeks to 6 or 7 months). the specific
attachments phase (about 7 to 9 months). the phase of multiple attachments (about 9 to 18
months).
asocial phase (of attachment) correct answers approximately the first 6 weeks of life, in which
infants respond in an equally favourable way to interesting social and non-social stimuli
phase of indiscriminate attachments correct answers period between 6 weeks and 6 to 7 months
of age in which infants prefer social to non-social stimulation and are likely to protest whenever
any adults put them down or leaves them alone
phase of specific attachment correct answers period between 7 and 9 months of age when infsnts
are attached to one close companion
secure base correct answers use of caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment
and to which to return for emotional support
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