Depression is characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings
of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, tiredness, and poor
concentration.
Long-lasting or recurrent
,Impairs social functions and coping with daily life.
Life events play a role.
can lead to suicide. (1.5% of the deaths worldwide), second leading cause of
death among 15–29-year-olds, 78% happen in low-income countries.
depression is a common disorder.
the rates of depression surge during middle to late adolescence
depression is heterogenous with multiple causes.
Sub-categories:
- Major depressive disorder/depressive episode: can be mild, moderate,
or severe. Depressed mood, loss of interest, decreased energy.
- Dysthymia: persistent or chronic form of mild depression. Less intense
but lasts longer.
More common in females (5.1%) than males (3.6%), total estimation
(18.4%)
Prevalence rates vary by age, peaking in older adulthood (above 7.5%
among females aged 55-74 years, and above 5.5% among males).
Depression also occurs in children and adolescents below the age of 15
years, but at a lower level than older age groups.
Globally, depressive disorders are ranked as the single largest
contributor to non-fatal health loss (7.5% of all YLD years lived with
disability)
Vignette 2: Cognitive models
HOPELESSNESS THEORY (ABRAMSON)
Hopelessness is the prominent cause of depression
HD (hopelessness depression) symptoms include sadness, retardedness,
suicidality, low energy, apathy, psychomotor retardation, sleep
disturbance, poor concentration.
2
,Eg. Student fails a test, gets depressed IF she believes her failure was due
to her low intelligence, will prevent her from getting into a school,
means that she’s worthless.
Individuals with general negative emotions are more likely to get depressed.
Cognitive vulnerability (neg cognitive styles) -stress component (negative life
events)
BECK’S THEORY
Scientifically testable.
The meaning or interpretation of experience influences how they will
experience the depression, which is why cbt is very helpful
Individual differences in experiences affect whether particular negative
events will activate the cognitive vulnerability.
3
, Hopelessness vs. Beck
Similarities:
- emphasize on the role of cognition in the origins and maintenance of
depression
- cog vulnerability hypothesis neg cog patterns increase vulnerability
to depression when they experience life events
- neg inferences influence if neg life events lead to depression
differences:
- Hopelessness depressive and nondepressive cog differ in content
but not in process.
Beck depressive and nondepressive cog differs both in content and
in process.
- Beck suggested that depressed people ignore positive situational
information.
- Beck says that depressive cog is distorted whereas hopelessness
theory is silent on the distortion issue.
Psychotherapy - Cuijpers
4
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur dogaunsal. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour 10,49 €. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.