College aantekeningen
HC 1-8 EU + stappenplannen
- Vak
- Instelling
- Boek
Alle hoorcolleges en stappenplannen duidelijk samengevat.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 58 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 58 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
Gekoppeld boek
Titel boek:
Auteur(s):
- Uitgave:
- ISBN:
- Druk:
Meer samenvattingen voor studieboek
-
EU law- free movement of goods notes
-
Samenvatting Foundations Of The European Union - universiteit Hasselt
-
Class notes European Union Law (620248-B-6) European Union Law, ISBN: 9780198855750
Verkoper
Volgen
marlouUU
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1European law lecture 1 Freedom of establishment
& freedom to provide services
Introduction
Establishment & services, what can we think about?
- Natural persons and legal persons
Why relevant?
- Services are crucial for the economy
- Process of
- digitalization, datafication and the digital single market
- Digital goods, like smartphones applications
- Growing importance of e-commerce
Where can we find the rules on establishment & services?
- Article 49 TFEU - establishment
- Article 56 TFEU - services
- Article 51 & 52 TFEU - treaty exceptions, also via article 62 TFEU for services
- Service directive 2006/123/EC → elaborates the treaty
- Specific directives & regulations → also apply on services
The four freedoms: goods, persons, services and capital.
Commonalities in establishment & services
● Economic & lawful activities
- Provided for remuneration (services: article 57 TFEU)
❏ Including medical services → case law
❏ Including services that are not paid directly by consumers but by 3rd
parties (data-advertising)
- No unlawful activities
● Interstate element (but service directive..)
● Invoke vis-a-vis private actors (limited) horizontal direct effect
● Distinctly applicable and indistinctly applicable measures prohibited →
market access
● Treaty exceptions & public interest justification (rule of reason)
The notion of ‘establishment’
- Participation on a stable and continuous basis in economic life of MS (Gebhard, para
25) (definition of establishment)
- Establishment vs service (Gebhard)
● Community and stability vs provision of a service on a temporary basis (para
25-27)
- Establishment vs workers
● Independence, no subordination
1
, 2
● What about micro-entrepreneurs, on-demand workers, freelancers of
contractors?
● Particularly relevant in platform economy
(difference between service and establishment is the time it is provided)
What is prohibited on the basis of article 49 TFEU?
(natural persons)
- Market access rights
● Discrimination prohibited
● All restrictions on market access (Gebhard, para 37)
➔ Rules relating to professional titles
➔ Rules requiring retailers to select distinct spaces for domestic
products.
➔ Summary of case law in this paragraph
➔ The court goes further than the discrimination
➔ These rules limit the free flow of goods and limits retailers and that is
prohibited by article 49 TFEU
- Migration rights
● Directive 2004/38
● Right to cross the border and provide your services there.
(Legal persons (art 54 TFEU) → Right of departure & right of access to the market
of the host state)
Can a breach be justified?
- Treaty exceptions
● Article 51 and 52 TFEU
❖ E.g. Official authority (reyners, dutch men wants to be a
lawyer in Belgium) → direct and specific connection with
official authority → has to be interpreted restrictively
❖ Public policy, public security, public health
❖ Dérogations have to be interpreted restrictively
- Public interest justification
● Rule of reason (Gebhard, para 37)
● Conditions for exceptions:
❏ Public, non-economic interest
❏ Proportionality principle: suitable & proportionate → no less restrive
measure available
❏ No harmonisation
- see also Barnard & Peers p455-456The notion of ‘service’
Article 57 TFEU
- Remuneration (including data)
- Different kinds of cross-border provision of services
- Non-tangible (as compared to goods) → if free movement of goods aspect
is entirely secondary to services → free movement of services will apply
(the example of a bar)
- Temporary character (Gebhard) as compared to establishment
- Residual character→ (art. 57 TFEU) (a bit outdated)
2
, 3
What is prohibited on the basis of article 56 TFEU?
market access rights
- Discrimination prohibited
- Prohibited is each measure that direct affects access to the market in services in
other MS (see Aline investments, para 38)
● Example: prior authorization for the reimbursement of the costs of a medical
treatment in another MS (see Watts para 98)
● Example: mutual recognition of professional qualifications of health workers
Migration rights
- Directive 2004/38
Can a breach be justified?
Treaty exceptions
- Article 51 and 52 TFEU
❖ Official authority
❖ Public policy, public security, public health
❖ Derogations have to be interpreted restrictively (Josemans, drugs Maastricht)
Public interest justifications
- Rule of reason
❖ E.g. protection reputation financial market (Alpine investments)
❖ Conditions for the exceptions:
❏ Public, non-economic interest
❏ Proportionality principle: suitable & proportionate → no less
restrive measure available
❏ No harmonisation
Concluding remarks
- broad applications of the prohibitive rules: direct & indirect discriminations and
restrictions on market access are prohibited
- Unless justification - treaty exceptions & public interest justifications
- Broad approach → allows to bring on board other fundamental rights (see
Commission v Hungary) Or to let the freedoms penetrate areas where MS
are primarily competent
Services directive - establishment & services
Art. 2 SD: scope of application
- Certain activities are excluded from the scope of application
- Services that are excluded → treaty rules on establishment (49 TFEU) &
services (55 TFEU) apply
Chapter III: establishment
- Article 9 SD → codification of case law: market access (Gabhard)
- Also applies to internal situations
Chapter IV: Services
- Article 16 SD → Codification of case law: market access, but more limited
possibilities for MS to restrict free movement of services (e.g. art. 16(1)
and (3) SD)
3
, 4
- Retail trade in goods → services
- This one does not apply to internal situation
4
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper marlouUU. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €2,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 56326 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen