100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
Eerder door jou gezocht
Eerder door jou gezocht
logo
Summary History of International Relations Chapter 10 ( CE) (Holslag) €5,49
In winkelwagen
Snel navigeren naar
Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
  4.  
  5. Social Sciences En Politieke En Sociale Wetenschappen
  6.  
  7. History of International Relations

Samenvatting

Summary History of International Relations Chapter 10 ( CE) (Holslag)

1 beoordeling
 0 keer verkocht

Detailed chapter summary: the level of detail expected in the January 2021 session I received a 17/20 with this Structure: - important points in the given period - specifics information split by regions - Each chapter summary ends in a (brief) discussion of the relevant points for each ...

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 2 van de 8  pagina's

Document informatie

  • Nee
  • 10
  • 20 juli 2021
  • 8
  • 2020/2021
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

Gekoppeld boek

book image

Titel boek:

Auteur(s):

  • Uitgave:
  • ISBN:
  • Druk:

Meer samenvattingen voor studieboek

Alles voor dit studieboek (35)

Geschreven voor

Alle documenten voor dit vak (16)

1  beoordeling

review-writer-avatar

Door: LaylaHaGK • 3 jaar geleden

Verkoper

avatar-seller
emmamarchal

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

1000-1250 CE


The Mongol Shockwave
Mongol expansion - most important political event between 1000-1250


- The Song Empire
- Was to build the most powerful navy in the world
- Major expeditions to Vietnam, Korea, base in the Philippines, ..
- Its naval prowess was backed up by an immense domestic economy and industrial
capability
- Clear imperial vision of using its power against barbarians, pirates, any threat to its interests.
- => seemed like it would spread its influence globally; but would not happen.
- Song China was far from united, so naval power was largely used along rivers to quell unrest.
- Held back by invasions of barbarians in the north: first the Jurchen in C12, then the Mongols
in C13.
- Mongol attacks halted Chinese economic growth, and would not recover till the Ming Dynasty 150y
later.
- => Turning point which decisively altered the BOP in the EH: though the Mongols also struck at the
Islamic powers and Eastern European kingdoms, they did not advance into Western Europe.
- This spared Western European development - agricultural innovations, expanding trade, rise
of cities as commercial centres, construction of kingdoms.
- Mongols stopped likely due to geography
- No longer at risk of imminent destruction by external aggressors, Europe’s polities focused on the
ever more relentless contest for military, economic, and financial primacy.
- Increasingly powerful and self-confident city states (eg. Venice)
- Though armies were still little -> Crusades
==> This was NOT yet the era of Europe’s global conquests.


East Asia
CHINA
Song
● Battle of Gaoping 954 (against the Liao) halted the nomadic forces in northern China and allowed the
south to be unified.
● 960: announced its reception of the mandate of heaven
● Tiazu - in accordance with Conffucian teachings - promised to restore harmony.
● The first century of the Song was characterised by a long struggle to overcome those states that still
refused to accept their supremacy.
○ Taizu began consolidating his power by building a large army.
○ Stark choice for enemy warlords: overwhelming force or lifetime retirement at a distance.
○ Firmer footing for civilian government
■ Reorganised into three distinct departments: central secretariat, advisory
chancellery, a department of state affairs (consisting of many ministries)
○ Domestic unification advanced
● The main security question was how to defend the border against the major states to the north: the
Liao, the kingdom of Xia, and Tibet.
○ 1005: Treaty of Shanyuan with the Liao.
○ A deal negotiated with the Xia , buying peace with ‘gifts’.
■ Despite a faction arguing against appeasement and for harder measures.
● Period of prosperity followed

, 1000-1250 CE


○ Song emperors strengthened control over NCP and rich agricultural region south of the
Yangtze.
○ Emperor Shenzong: New Policies - introduced a primitive welfare state.
■ Living conditions improved
■ Economic production doubled
■ Internal and external trade flourished.
○ Became the world’s largest economy, exercising a huge power of attraction on even hostile
states.
○ Military balance shifted as well: army tribled.
■ Manufacture of gunpowder
○ Breeding programme to reduce dependency on horse import from CA.
○ Alongside military power, the Song used economic coercion and cut off trade with neighbors
if they refused to submit.
● Era of tranquility did not last:
○ The army had become large and well-equipped, but never able to subdue foreign enemies.
■ Clashes with the Xia continued - treaty hadn’t demarcated a border.
■ South: Song-Champa alliance to subdue the Ly Dynasty (Vietnam), ubt the war
drained the army’s strength, so had to withdraw.
○ => Campaigns and annual ‘gifts’ to the Xia and Liao drained the treasury.
○ Famine
○ Succession of setbacks
■ The Jurchen - with Song support - overthrew their Liao overlords, but they then
turned on the Song: surprise attack on the capital (Huizong abdicated. In 1127, he and
his son were captured by the Jurchens.). Speed and scale of the Jurchen triumph due
to Song complacency and incompetence, and Jurchen’s superior military tactics.
● The Jurchen founded the Jin Dynasty. Consolidated rule over the northern plain.
● The remnants of the Song retreated to the Yangtze and continued to rule under the Southern Song
Dynasty.
==> End of the Song -> became the Southern Song.


● In 1141: the Jin and Southern Song fixed the border in an agreement. Large annual tribute from the
Song in return.
● Both empires flourished for a while.
○ Song navy expanded again, new ports, maritime exploration.



● BUT at this time, the Mongol threat emerged.
○ Mongols emerged from the Orkhon Valley (Mongolia).
○ In 1130, Khamag Mongol confederation first clashed with the Jin.
■ Treaty was signed: Jin had to pay tribute.
○ Peace was short lived: new skirmishes, Mongols were pushed back.
○ But due to very cold summers, the Mongols intensified their efforts to advance south
(‘migration’ due to climate change).
○ In 1206 tribes coalesced around Genghis Khan (“universal ruler”)
■ Propagated the idea of a holy war, ordered by sky god Tengri to unify the world
under Mongol rule and avenge past maltreatment.

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper emmamarchal. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 69052 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€5,49
  • (1)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd