This document includes all of the information seen in class that needs to be learned for partim mycology (taught by prof. Maes) of the course Human parasites, micro-organisms and zoonoses given in the first master year of Biomedical Sciences: Infectious and Tropical Diseases.
Partim mycology
Bacteria Fungi
Size 0,1 – 10 µ >1 - >>10µ
Cell type Prokaryote Eukaryote
Plasmids Yes No
Chromosomes (#) One More
Spores Endospores Sexual and Asexual
Cytoplasmic organelles None ER, golgi, mitochondria
Cytoplasmic membrane No sterols Sterols
Cell membrane Complex: peptidoglycans etc Simple: chitin, glucan, mannan
- Filamentous: hyphae have apical growth and can form a network, mycelium
- Some are unicellular: yeasts (non-filamentous)
- Rigid wall: primarily chitin & glucans, sometimes cellulose
- Achlorophyllous: not capable of photosynthesis
- Chemoheterotrophic: nutrients are collected from outside
- May be free-living or in intimate relationships with other organisms
General structure of fungi and yeast
Fungi
Aspergillus niger (black): hyphae, black spores. The colour is used for
speciation.
- Vegetative hyphae: feeding (grow into the agar)
- Aerial hyphae: reproduction
The mycelium contains the hyphae. These can be multi-nucleated,
and segmented or non-segmented.
Yeasts
These are unicellular and non-filamentous (diameter 3-15 µ). They can grow in aerobe
conditions but are also facultative anaerobe.
- Fission: yeasts divide symmetrically
- Budding: yeasts divide asymmetrically (eg. candida albicans)
o Budding scar where the budding has happened
o If they don’t separate: pseudohyphae
o Bud = blastospore
Dimorphic fungi
Can grow both as fungus or yeast, depending on environmental factors (temp, CO 2, nutrients).
Pathogenicity can be different, for example the yeast can be pathogenic while the fungus is not.
, Subcellular structure
Outside to inside
Capsule (sometimes): consists of polysaccharides
o Virulence factor: not recognized by phagocyting cells
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm: nucleus, nuclear membrane, ER, mitochondria, vacuoles…
Antifungals mainly focus on the cell wall and the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane. The cell wall
consists of mannoproteins, glucans and chitin. The cell membrane does not contain cholesterol but
ergosterol which is the result of the ergosterol synthesis pathway which starts with squalene.
The type and relative composition of chitin and glucan are dependent on the fungal species. They all
contain these elements so most anti-fungals have a broad spectrum, but in different ways.
Life cycle
Asexual reproduction: hyphae prod. conidiophores. Conidia
are released from the conidiophore from which vegetative
mycelium grows.
Sexual reproduction: a mycelium has haploid nuclei, and 2
nuclei come together: karyogamy. Then first meiosis, then
mitosis.
Some fungi have a sexual reproduction but most happens as
asexual multiplication.
Filamentous fungi:
- Asexual by fragmentation of hyphae
Fungal spores of aerial hyphae: don’t know terminology by heart
- Asexual spores
o Conidiospore: unicellular/multicellular spore, not packed in a sac (eg Aspergillus spp.)
o Chlamydospore: thick walled spore formed in hyphal segment (eg C. albicans)
o Sporangiospore: asexual spore in sac (sporangium) (eg Rhizopus)
o Macro- & microconidia: typical for dermatophytes
- Sexual spores
o Formed by fusion of nuclei of different haploid gametes
Chlamydospores: Sporangiospores:
Key for identification but
rather difficult, real expert
work.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Bi0med. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
