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Samenvatting Engels: cultuur en literatuur

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Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

Een volledige samenvatting van de hoorcolleges en romans voor het vak Engels: cultuur en literatuur, gegeven door Frank Albers (2022) OPGELET: dit is een samenvatting/overzicht van mijn uitgebreide samenvatting (die ook op mijn profiel te vinden is), gedetailleerde info valt eerder in het uitgebrei...

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Geupload op 24 januari 2022
Aantal pagina's 30
Geschreven in 2021/2022
Type Samenvatting

engels
cultuur
literatuur
frank albers
the scarlet letter
things fall apart
jane eyre
beloved
god of small things
bartleby
the catcher in the rye
albers
the awakening
the ye
the picture of dorian gray

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ENGLISH: CULTURE&LITERATURE

- The concept of outsiders, relations of power explored through fiction
- Outsider X hermit = the hermit withdraws into the wild/woods, self-
reliant individual X outsider is defined by a negative bond to society
(he/she bears the scars of a failed integration)
- Outsidership – adolescent – not a kid anymore, neither an adult –
stuck in between mentally and physically, growing up is a painful
process, coming-of-age novels (The Catcher in the Rye)
- This year’s nobel prize for literature Abdulrazak Gurnah

Herman Melville
- New Yorker
- He wrote novels based on his trips to the ocean and travels, whaling
industry – whaling ships and long trips on the sea
- Part Dutch
- 1851 he publishes a novel about a white whale of 600 pages –
MOBY DICK (way too long for the people of his life)
THE CASE OF BARTLEBY (1856)
- Published anonymously because of Melville’s depression and
sickness following the publication of Moby Dick
- Important description of the office – describing the feeling of
isolation
- The story is the attempt to understand the meaning of the famous “I
would prefer not to”
- “I would prefer not to” the linguistic evocation/construction of
outsidership, he is not exactly refusing
- He is not in, not out = a complete outsider who cannot be an
outsider
- The lawyer starts the story by describing him and not Bartleby so
we learn a lot about the lawyer from his point of view “I am a safe
man”
- The story turns around when Bartleby “refuses” to check the copied
papers
- Bartleby’s fate a in a way Melville’s fate as a writer in America,
bartleby is not misunderstood but simply just not understood
- Bartleby is the most forlorn/lonliest character, he never complains,
he turns down whatever it is this world (the office) has to offer
- Bartleby stays in an empty building when the law firm moves
- Outsider is defined by negativity = the lawyer defines Bartleby
exactly like that :

, - “I now recalled all the quiet mysteries which I had noted in
the man. I remembered that he never spoke but to answer;
that though at intervals he had considerable time to
himself, yet I had never seen him reading—no, not even a
newspaper; that for long periods he would stand looking
out, at his pale window behind the screen, upon the dead
brick wall; I was quite sure he never visited any refectory or
eating house; while his pale face clearly indicated that he
never drank beer like Turkey, or tea and coffee even, like
other men; that he never went any where in particular that
I could learn; never went out for a walk, unless indeed that
was the case at present; that he had declined telling who
he was, or whence he came, or whether he had any
relatives in the world; that though so thin and pale, he
never complained of ill health.”
- “I have decided to do no more writing” – autobiographical
- This story is an autobiographical portrait of a depressed man
- Other interepretations: Bartleby = Jesus Christ
o Reading the story as a warning
o It is a story of a hunger striker
o Bartleby is a caricature of the narrator
o Barleby’s life reads like the dead letter (the office of dead
letter where Bartleby used to work)
o The story as a critique of capitalism, drawing on Marx’s
alienation of labour (work you do for someone else) –
Barlteby prefers not to do the work/labour anymore
- Radical and inexplicable outsidership of Bartleby

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD (1896 – 1940)
- The book cover was finished before the story was
finished – the cover jacket was a success and a
timeless painting made by Francis Cugat (“the only
cover that should ever be given” - professor) ->
certain elements in the novel were inspired by the
cover
- a young, promising, controversive author
- born in Minnesota (kinda a redundant place in the
US)
- joined the US army in 1917
- married Miss Alabama (he was there with the army)
– Zelda Sayer – daughter of the highest judge in the state, but

, she does not want to marry him because he is poor (hence he
writes the novel!)
- after his book was successful she finally married him (1920)
because of his instant success (This Side of Paradise)
- very young, living the rich/boho lifestyle
- in the 1920s Fitzgerald spent a lot of time in Europe and hang
out with expats who’d gone to Europe because they were
disappointed with America after the WW1 -> “Lost generation” –
Stein, Ezra Pound, Hemingway
- 1925 he published The great Gatsby (a title he never liked) –
criticised – a “dud”, not received well!!
- The critique of The great Gatsby influenced the disintegration of
Fitzgerald and he became an alcoholic and Zelda suffered from
a nervous breakdown and sent to sanatorium in Switzerland and
diagnosed with schizophrenia (a couple of an alcoholic and
schizophrenic…)
- Zelda wrote to Scott while she was in Switzerland and some of
them are very high drama and intense and probably her best
literary work
- Fitzgerald’s essay Echoes of the jazz Age published in 1931
- 1934 – Tender is the night (there are 2 version of that book)
- His lifestyle in the 30s: alcoholism, money problems, marital
problems
- He made most of his money selling short stories
- Went to Hollywood – story/scriptwriters in the 30s were very
high demand
- Zelda was still shuttling between hospitals, died 8 years after
Fitzgerald in a fire in an asylum
THE ROARING TWENTIES
- Or the Jazz Age
- Age of miracles, art, excess, satire
- The Great Gatsby is a masterpiece of satire literature
- Age of money spending, drinking and prohibition at the same
time (a paradox lol) - > the prohibition was a complete failure
because people made fortune selling alcohol under the table ->
SPEAKEASY (a bar with two entries to escape through)
- Gatsby is involved in crime money (he is often wanted on the
phone) - references to making Gatsby’s money off the illicit
alcohol sales
- Wall Street Crash (1929): “the most expensive orgy in history”
was over (aka roaring 20s) – ending of the Jazz Age
- 1919-1930 – Prohibition

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