Tax
Tax = financial contribution that you have to pay to the government, who then uses it for
the public.
- If the government spends money on an individual service, it’s NOT called taxation, BUT
retribution. (it’s also a contribution paid to the government)
CH1: What is international taxation?
§ refers to tax levied on the cross-border transaction.
§ The transaction may take place between 2 or more persons/entities in 2 or more
countries or tax jurisdictions.
§ May involve a person in one country with property and income flows in another
country.
Evaluating the tax policy choices made by states
- particularly in the context of cross-border structures and the flow of capital, income
and persons
Examining the interaction among the various forces that shape international tax law
- Such as: domestic law, bilateral treaties, multinational agreements, inter-
governmental organizations and even case law and academic writing.
Types
- Residence based taxation: residents of a country are taxed on their worldwide (local
and foreign) income
- Source based taxation: only local income from a source inside the country is taxed.
Usually non-residents are taxed only on their local incom
Concept of double taxation
Double taxation = When a transaction taking place in more than one country such may be
subject to more than one tax authority or taxed twice by same or different tax authorities.
è Avoidance is required
OECD = Organization Economic corporation Development
è They foresee guidelines for the countries that are members of the OECD to avoid
double taxation.
1
, è Lots of countries are members of the OECD, BUT the double tax Treaty is only among 2
countries!
Personal income tax
Contribution from individuals to the government to support facilities of common interest
- Such as public transport
Functions of Tax
§ Financial Function
- Supply for government spending
- BE: Taxes = 94% of overall income for government
§ Economical Function
- Pricing: ex. VAT
- Consumption: ex. Excise
- Investment: ex. Capital gains taks
§ Social Function
- The more income you have => the more tax you should pay
Government
Each government can levy taxes BUT
è non bis in idem (not twice the same
thing)
= You can not be taxed twice for the same
cause of action (income)
Types of taxes
Direct: borne entirely by the entity that pays it
- Ex. Personal income tax, corporate income tax
Indirect: Tax paid when certain transactions take place
- Ex. VAT
2
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper irdjanbiserova. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.