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TAX 2601-Principles Of Taxation EXAM PACK LATEST UPDATERD 2022. Introduction As Benjamin Franklin once part it “if you do not want to be taxed, never get born.” Governments exist to fill the void that would exist if everything was left to private individuals. No one would concerned with othe...

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MODULE NOTES


Introduction


As Benjamin Franklin once part it “if you do not want to be taxed, never get born.”




Governments exist to fill the void that would exist if everything was left to private individuals. No
one would concerned with other people’s issues so long as it does not affect them. Think of
goods like provisions of road and e-toll, if you can pay you will not be able to use the road
governments exist so that everyone in society is concerned for.To provide those essential
services government need money to do that and governments get their money through taxation,
which is part of the laws government use.


To be proficient in taxation are needs to understand the law and how the various governmental
agencies apply them and how courts interpret those laws whenever a question of the law arises
between a person and the Governmental agencies charged with Enforcing those laws. Tax
laws are enforced by SARS through the commissioner.




The Laws of the country are subject to the Constitution of the South Africa and the Bill of Rights
of South Africa, that is all Laws and regulations must obey the spirit of the Constitution or they
will be void. Law are enacted by parliament after they have been debated as bills, after they
have been enacted by parliament they are signed by the President into Law. Parliament enacts
Laws by statute.




Application and Interpretation of the Law


When Laws are being interpreted, they are interpreted literally unless such literal
interpretation would lead to an ambiguous result.
Laws that are clear in legislation that need no courts to interpret them are called statute or
statutory law.
Where a question of the interpretation of the law arises between a personal
government agencies that enforces them, where that happens, that would leave the
interpretation of that Law to the courts who are the authority on the interpretation of the




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Law. Courts in South Africa apply the dovine of stare decisis, which states that are


precedent is established, it should be followed, and if a higher court sets a precedent all
lower courts are bound to follow it (previous rulings of higher Courts to be followed
by lower courts).
Level of Courts in South Africa




Constitutional Court (deal with Constitutional issues only)




(Tax Court – it is a special form only
Supreme Court governed when a case on tax is there).
Therefore it is no court in itself




High Court




Magistrates Courts




Before an aggrieved party can approach the Courts they may try to settle the tax issue using the


Alternative Dispute Resolution Method or the Tan Board.




Alternative dispute Resolution




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Is used to settle any type or level of Tan dispute and for it to be effective and binding on the
Parties both must agree to it.
SARS obliged to keep a register of all disputes settled using this Method.




The Tax Board
Owing taxpayer who disagrees with any decision of the Commission of SARS may
appeal to the tax Board provided that
The amount in dispute is less than R500 000.00 OR
The taxpayer and the Commissioner both agree to take the matter to the tax board.
The team player or the Commissioner does not object to the Board making a ruling on the
tax issue.
The Tax board will be composed of an advocate or attorney who will chair the Board.
An accountant or representative of the Business / Commercial Community.




The Tax Court
Is a creation of statute and has no standing in its own right, its decision are only binding on
the parties involved. However its rulings or decision have persuasive value on other parties as
well.
The Tax Court will consist of judge of the Supreme Court (who will be Court President),
An Accountant 9who has been in practice for 10years) and a representation of the
Commercial Community/ Business Community.
The tax Court will always hear the case between the taxpayer and SAR from the
beginning.
Tax Court rulings do not set precedent hence the tax Court is not bound by its own
decisions of the past.
In any dispute before the Tax Court the burden of proof lies with the tax payer unless an
amount is to be determined where the one shifts to the Commissioner.




High Court
High Courts only adjudicate issue that are on appeal from the high court or tam issues too
serious for the Tam Board or Tam Court.




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