Samenvatting
Summary Bulbs Development Economics
- Instelling
- Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Universiteit Gent - Handelswetenschappen Ontwikkelingseconomie prof. Marijke D’Haese Samenvatting van alle te kennen dia’s (met een ‘bulb’ aangeduid)
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 61 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 61 pagina's
In winkelwagenVerkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS2021-2022
Universiteit Gent - Handelswetenschappen
Ontwikkelingseconomie
prof. Marijke D’Haese
Samenvatting van alle te kennen dia’s (met een ‘bulb’ aangeduid)
1
, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Chapter 1
1.5 THE MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT
Amartya Sen’s ’’Capability” Approach
A person’s capability to function is what really matters
-> what a person is, or can be, and does or can do
-> what matters for wellbeing is what use someone can and does make of
commodities
Functionings are “Beings and Doings”
-Being able to live long
-Being well-nourished
-Being healthy
-Being literate
-Being well-clothed
-Being mobile
-Being able to take part in the life of the community
-Being happy – as a state of being - may be valued as a
functioning
Conversion of commodity-characteristics into personal achievements of functioning
will depend on:
1. Personal heterogeneities: disability, illness, age, gender
2. Environmental diversities: heating, clothing requirements, impact of pollution
3. Variations in social climate: prevalence of crime and violence, social capital
4. Distribution within the family
5. Differences in relational perspectives: some goods are essential because of
local customs and conventions
Capabilities as freedoms enjoyed, in terms of functionings, given his personal
features and command over commodities
Well-being in terms of being well and having freedoms of choice
CORE VALUES OF DEVELOPMENT
Sustenance: ability to meet basic needs – increase availability
and widening the distribution of life-sustaining goods (food,
shelter, health, protection)
Raising levels of living – enhance material well-being and
generating greater self-esteem: higher income, provision of
jobs, education, cultural and human values
Freedom from servitude: to be able to choose – range of
economic and social choices
2
,1.7 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS:
A SHARED DEVELOPMENT MISSION
SHARED Goals & Targets – UNIFIED FOCUS
-> Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2000-2015
adopted in 2000, eight goals towards the eradication of
poverty and achieving human development, targets set
comparing the level of 1990 to 2015
-> Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since 2015
17 goals – commiting to substantial achievements in ending
multidimensional povery and improving quality of life
164 target to achieve by 2030, 304 indices
Ambition and critique
+ Ambitious and responsibilisation of the world
- Critique: not ambitious, not prioritized, stand-alone objectives, no structural
changes, poverty – arbitrary goals – fails to account for intensity of poverty
Chapter 2
1. INTRODUCTION
Huge challenges for 84% percent of the population living in developing countries!
Developing countries are often characterized as a “group”
Yet! the variation among developing countries is sometimes as great as the
differences between the developed and developing worlds – North - South
A large majority of countries have made substantial economic development progress
Yet! the global economy continues to present extreme contrasts – enormous gaps
persist! Between and within countries
3
, 2.2.2 ADJUSTING FOR PURCHASING POWER PARITY
Official exchange rates do not give an adequate picture of the
purchasing power of developing countries
-> Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)
= quantity of a local currency necessary to buy the same
quantity of goods and services on the local market that can be
bought in the US with 1$ in the reference year
Prices of nontraded services are much lower in developing countries as
wages are lower
Use of the PPP-method, the income gap declines and income becomes
less volatile
2.3 COMPARING COUNTRIES BY HEALTH AND EDUCATION AND
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LEVELS
Basic indicator of average health:
- Life expectancy at birth
Basic indicators of education:
- Gross enrollment of primary/secondary education
- Expected years of schooling
Basic indicator for levels of living:
- GNI/capita
Calculation of the HDI
- Health: index for Life Expectancy at birth
- Education: index for mean years of schooling + Expected years of schooling
- Index for GNI per capita
NHDI = H1/3 E1/3 I1/3
HDI as a holistic measure of living levels
Use of HDI
Advantage:
- Countries can be ranked based on one number
- Be compared by much more than income alone (useful tool for policy makers)
- Disaggregation possible based on gender, region, ethnic group
Disadvantage:
- Weights given are arbitrary
- What is the factual unit
- Approaches for the measurement of health and education are not accurate
(chosen because of limited data sets)
- Measuring the expected educational attainment is difficult
4
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper HWman. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,09. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 80796 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen