AP Euro Exam Study Guide| 836 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
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100 Years War Correct Answer: English King Edward III declared himself King of France since his mother was Isabella of France; Joan of Arc franch on side of Charles VII; result: increases power of French king , more unified France, pride
Early Renaissance Correct Answer: Late 1300s - 1494 Cen...
ap euro exam study guide| 836 questions| with complete solution
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AP Euro Exam Study Guide| 836 QUESTIONS|
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
100 Years War Correct Answer: 1337 - 1453 English King Edward III declared himself King of
France since his mother was Isabella of France; Joan of Arc franch on side of Charles VII; result:
increases power of French king , more unified France, pride
Early Renaissance Correct Answer: Late 1300s - 1494 Center of art and culture in Florence,
changed because Savonarola started a theocracy
High Renaissance Correct Answer: 1494 - 1520 Center in Rome
Late Renaissance Correct Answer: 1520 - 1600 Italians had bleak view of future, Italian
Renaissance coming to end, Rome sacked by Charles V, starts to shift North because of Italian
Wars, mannerism art
Mannerism Correct Answer: Art in Late Renaissance, clashing colors, confusing, elongated
limbs, tortuous, full of emotion, bizarre themes (Christianity, classical, and mythology all
combined)
Georgio Vasari Correct Answer: Sixteenth-century painter, architect, and writer
Used word "rebirth" to describe renaissance
Individualism Correct Answer: Born during Renaissance, as people sought to receive personal
credit for their achievements, opposed to medieval ideal of all glory to God
Italian City-States Correct Answer: Middle Ages - under control of Holy Roman Empire
Florence, Milan, Venice, papal states, Naples
Popolo Correct Answer: "the people", urban underclass in renaissance italy
Ciompi Revolt Correct Answer: 1378, in Florence, the Popolo expressed dissatisfaction with
political and economic order with violent struggle against government
Milan in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Land-locked, ruled by family of mercenary (condottiero)
named Sforza
Condottieri Correct Answer: Military leaders of mercenaries mercenary armies, and often took
political power once they had created the existing government
Florence and Venice government in Middle Ages Correct Answer: Republics, but few wealthy
families dominated
Medici Correct Answer: Wealth from banking, behind-the-scenes rulers of Florence
,Peace of Lodi Correct Answer: Agreement among 5 city states to respect borders
Savonarola Correct Answer: 1494 - 1498 Creates Theocracy Bonfire of the Vanities, sent
children to houses to collect "immoral possessions" fancy clothing, games, paintings; republic of
virtue
Republic of Florence Correct Answer: 1498 - 1512
Italian Wars Correct Answer: 1494 - 1549
Lorenzo II Correct Answer: Medici put back in power (after Republic) by Charles V and Spain
who got involved in Italian Wars
Machiavelli Correct Answer: Wrote The Prince - tried to use as resume for Medicis to take him
up on his services
Served as a general during the Italian Republic, tried to become part of Medici government when
Lorenzo II rules; ideal ruler is Cesare Borgia
Why was Italy so fragmented? Correct Answer: All city-states greedy/ wanted Roman Empire
Naples and Florence wanted Milan
- got blessing from Papal States
- 1494: Ludovico il Moro, leader of Milan, asks Charles VIII (France) for help, France would
want land
- Papal States call on Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) holy roman emperor feels obligation to
protect pope, wants land/power
Keeps Italy fragmented and weak
1871 - Italy unified
Bubonic Plague Correct Answer: 1347-1351
1) Changed economic system (less people & more land), less people, got payed more, better
economy
2) Caused people to question faith (opened door to free thought, many believed was a
punishment from God so they prayed more, but nothing changed, so took a "carpe diem" outlook
on life, disregarded church, gave themselves over to pleasures previously frowned upon in
church, art architecture)
Why did Renaissance start in Italy? Correct Answer: 1. Certain level of economic abundance -
success - people wanted to educate children
2. Wealthy merchant class (attracts artists) had time for other things
3. Technological advances - sturdy ships (Naples and Venice)
4. Urbanization - close proximity - spread of ideas
5. Geographical location - trade important for spread of ideas (heart of culture of Byzantine
empire/Ottoman Empire, roots in Rome-environment)
6. Church- had fairly weak political presence, people could do things church wouldn't allow
,Humanism Correct Answer: Program of study, including rhetoric and literature based on what
students in the classical world would study
Francesco Petrarch Correct Answer: "Father of Humanism", coined phrase "Dark Ages" to
define (400-900) cultural decline following collapse of Roman world, studied Cicero - "Christ is
my god, Cicero is the prince of the language I use"
Cicero Correct Answer: Important politician and philosopher whose writings provided an
account of the collapse of the Roman Empire, Petrarch admired
Plato Correct Answer: Ancient Greek pilosopher, Ideals such as beauty and truth exist beyond
the ability of our senses to recognize them
Pico della Mirondola Correct Answer: Oration on the Dignity of Man - positive platonic view of
human nature, dignity from God
Civic Humanists Correct Answer: Using classical education for the public good
Alberti Correct Answer: On the family
Man is born in order to be useful to man
Public good
Castiglione Correct Answer: The Courtier - describes "Renaissance Man" as familiar with
classical literature, skilled in the arts, knows several languages
Lorenzo Valla Correct Answer: Discovered the Donation of Constantine was a fake because
used word fief which weren't in use until about 400 years after Constantine's death
Leonardo Bruni Correct Answer: Humanist who translated Greek texts such as wrings from
Plato and Aristotle, created educational program for women but left out the study of rhetoric and
speech because they had no outlet
Christine de Pisan Correct Answer: Italian who was daughter of physician to French King
Charles V and received humanist education, wrote City of Ladies to counter the popular notion
that women were inferior to men
Middle Ages Art medium vs. Renaissance Art medium Correct Answer: Middle Ages - fresco
on wet plaster or tempera on wood
Renaissance - oil painting originating in northern Europe
Filippo Brunelleschi Correct Answer: Built dome over the Cathedral of Florence
Single- point perspective Correct Answer: style in which elements within painting converge at
single point
High Renaissance Correct Answer: Center of Renaissance moved from Florence to Rome
, Lasted until 1520s
Late Renaissance or Mannerism Correct Answer: Distorted figures, confusing themes, growing
sense of crisis in the Italian world both politically and economically
Leonardo DaVinci Correct Answer: Renaissance man, engineer, architect, sculptor, scientist,
inventor (submarines and helicopters), painter
Mona Lisa
Versachio Correct Answer: At time of baptism of Christ most famous artist
Student was Leonardo da Vinci
Let Leonardo paint one angel, saw that it was better so quit painting, Leonardo's angel was
neither a boy or girl
Raphael Correct Answer: Jesus and Mary, The School of Athens - Plato and Aristotle in single -
point perspective
Michaelangelo Correct Answer: David - commissioned by Florence as propaganda to inspire
citizens in struggle against might of Milan
Sistine Chapel - commissioned by Pope Julius II
Massachio Correct Answer: First to perfect linear perspective
Expulsion of Adam and Eve
Holy trinity - fresco, perspective
Northern Renaissance Correct Answer: More Christian because Christianity came to Northern
Europe later
Christian Humanists Correct Answer: Northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about
classical antiquity and humanism in terms of religion
Erasmus Correct Answer: Praise of Folly - satire criticizing church, Handbook of the Christian
Knight - inner faith as opposed to outer faith, Translated New Testament
Friends with Luther until he separated from the church, Wanted church reform, not abandonment
"civic humanist"
Thomas More Correct Answer: Chancellor to King Henry VIII of England, executed for
refusing to acknowledge him as Head of the Church of England, Utopia - sought top depict
world in which political and economic injustices were limited by having all property in common
Durer Correct Answer: Northern Renaissance artist, woodcarvings lent support to Luther's
doctrines, The Young Hare and Adoration of the Magi
Jan van Eych Correct Answer: Flemish (Flanders/Netherlands) , One of the earliest to use oil
paints, Giovanni and his bride - witness to wedding/signs it, lady looks pregnant -> suggests
fertility, fruit also suggests fertility
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