All lecture notes from
literature
- Edler & Fagerberg (2017).
-Stiglitz, J., 1998.
-Flanagan, K., Uyarra, E. and Laranja, M. (2011).
-Schot & Steinmueller (2018).
- Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-oriented innovation policies: challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change,...
,Contents
Lecture 1; innovation policy landscape.....................................................................................................................2
Lecture 2; challenges of innovation policy; technopolis group................................................................................5
Lecture 3; rationales..................................................................................................................................................7
Lecture 4; policy instruments..................................................................................................................................12
Lecture 5; guest lecture innovation policy..............................................................................................................18
Lecture 6; transformative innovation policy and missions.....................................................................................19
Lecture 7; introduction to science policy................................................................................................................26
Lecture 8 regional innovation policy.......................................................................................................................28
Lecture 9; intellectual property...............................................................................................................................33
Lecture 10; finance, innovation and sustainability.................................................................................................37
Lecture 12; demand driven.....................................................................................................................................39
Lecture 13; evaluation of innovation policy............................................................................................................42
Lecture 14; entrepreneurial ecosystems................................................................................................................46
Lecture 16; industrial and innovation policy in the netherlands............................................................................48
Lecture 17; History and future of innovation policy...............................................................................................54
2
,LECTURE 1; INNOVATION POLICY LANDSCAPE
Innovation drives economic growth and the ability to address societal challenges.
Europe, the Netherlands and R&D
- European Paradox: “Compared with the scientific performance of its principal competitors, that of the
EU is excellent, but over the last fifteen years its technological and commercial performance in high-
technology sectors such as electronics and information technologies has deteriorated.” (European
Commission, 1995, p. 5).
o While Europe is good at producing scientific knowledge, worse in following the innovation
that comes out of it compared to America
- R&D intensity is the amount of different innovations in one industry
- In NL we are not strong in R&D intensity industry.
o Our economy is more service based, less product based. Service contribution in R&D is not
counted.
o Innovation policy cannot be pinpointed to one governmental level.
o Not always nice to innovate because don’t get something out of it, patents can help.
Knowledge for example is a public good.
Complexities innovation
- Innovations are unpredictable and they emerge in complex systems with many actors, interests,
organizations and expectations.
- New knowledge and innovations can create new problems and disrupt economies. Innovations cause
new divisions of labor and a different distributions of wealth and risk.
- This course addresses the reasons (why/ for what), the methods (how), and the results (what)
obtained from government intervention in innovation trajectories.
What is innovation policy
- Government interventions that encourage and facilitate the generation, application, and diffusion of
new ideas (innovation)
- At different levels
What is a policy instrument
- a government measure or program that aims to change the behaviour and actions of the actors
involved in the whole process from generating new ideas into innovative market introductions and
solutions
- techniques developed in order to achieve goals set by policies
Why innovation policy (IP)
- Tackle societal challenges, not led by the market nor by society
- A lot of policy contribute to innovation but are not innovation policy
- Different approaches to innovation policy
o Narrow perspective considering invention only (focus is thus mainly on R&D)
o Holistic perspective, emphasizes the importance of looking at the entire innovation cycle
from the creation of novel ideas to their implementation and diffusion.
o Question whether to only look at innovation policies or to also account for other policies not
aimed at innovation but which have a large impact on innovation
- 3 main approaches;
o Mission-oriented innovation policy: providing new solutions that work in practice to specific
challenges that are on the political agenda.
2
, broad approach
o Invention-oriented innovation policy: concentrate on the R&D/invention phase, and leave the
possible exploitation and diffusion of the invention to the market
Narrow approach
o System-oriented innovation policy: on system-level features, such as the degree of
interaction between different parts of the system or the capabilities of the actors that take
part
The market failure approach to innovation policy
- Innovation depends on many factors: the state of knowledge, individual creativity, public policy,
economic institutions, and social norms. Innovation is inherently multi-actor.
- Innovation drives economic growth and the ability to address societal challenges
- Government should facilitate interactions in the “innovation system”
- What is innovation Innovation is understood as the introduction of new solutions in response to
problems, challenges, or opportunities that arise in the social and/or economic environment
o Carrying out of new combinations:
Introduction of a (for consumers) new good
Introduction of a (for the industry) new method of production
Opening of a (for the industry) new market
Conquest of a new source of supply of inputs
New organisation of any industry
o Invention is not innovation
o Discontinuous innovation: “Creative Destruction”
Creative destruction new things arise ten cost of other industries
- Markets as efficient resource allocators, 3 fundaments:
o There is a complete set of markets, so that all supplied/demanded goods and services are
traded at publicly known prices
o all consumers and producers behave competitively
o an equilibrium exists
- Reasons why firms underinvest in R&D:
o Uncertainty
Knightian uncertainty: there is not always a market for innovation
Discovery uncertainty = Can we invent it?
Technical uncertainty = Can we make it?
Market uncertainty = Can we sell it?
we have imperfect knowledge of future events
Risk: we do not know the outcome but we can measure the odds
Uncertainty: we do not have enough information to even measure the odds
accurately
o Spillovers: Most important source of innovation is new knowledge. Knowledge is public good
(free) → those who created the knowledge could not fully appropriate it → not enough
incentive to invest → underinvestment → market failure
2
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper anneranselaar. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €3,39. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
