Literature list ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
,Introduction
In the Netherlands, the national government puts policies on the fishing industry, which
produces ongoing struggles for fishers to make a living out of their profession and passion.
Therefore, we see a decrease in the number of people entering or sustaining the fishing
profession due to hardships put on them. The government of the Netherlands is striving
towards more sustainable land management which goes hand in hand with regulating the
fishing industry, for example by exchanging fishing areas for wind energy which eventually
leads to a reduction of fleets.
The Volkskrant (2021) presents the strange paradox of Urk, where we see an ongoing trend
of fighting and choosing for the fishing industry, even if hardships are put upon fishermen
and their industry. We assume that fishing has a deeper value for the community on Urk,
which isn’t just linked to economic value. Therefore, we use the fishing industry, history and
tradition of Urk as a lens to look at broader social, cultural and economic relations within the
community. The long history & tradition of Urk motivates us to research the underlying
values and binds of the community with the fishing industry. By studying our research
question: ‘What is the role the fishing industry has within Urk’s community?’, we will get
deeper insights and explanations for the paradox.
Our research is a detailed case study on the influence of the fishing industry on all aspects of
Urk’s social, political and economic life. This will present the underlying reasons why this
community is against certain regulations, relating to the values people have regarding their
lives. These insights of underlying reasons bring social understanding and open up
negotiations about how to create policies that better cater and represent everyone's needs.
Furthermore, our research will present a different reality and meaning of what the fishing
profession and industry are. This may give insights for other academics on different
interpretations and conceptions of the fishing industry. By presenting the economic, social
and cultural influence of the fishing industry on Urk, we will facilitate interdisciplinary
collaboration and knowledge production that consider the different meanings fishing has for
Urk’s people and their existing cultural values.
3
, Theoretical framework
We are using several concepts to research the role of professional fishing within different
relations in Urk’s community. These concepts are community, heritage, inclusion and
exclusion and value. The first theoretical debate is about the concept of community. We are
interested in how the current fishing industry, its tradition and history on Urk, influences the
community. This concept is not easily defined and there are still ongoing discussions among
scholars about the definition of community. Scholars often provide a generic definition of
the concept, and then further define what other parts of a community are.
Fowler (2021: 3-4) talks about the importance of a holistic view of the concept community,
using “The concept of community invariably invokes the notion of commonality, of sharing in
common, being and experiencing together” as a base definition. He further elaborates that
community is part of social and communal awareness, which means that individuals are
aware that a certain group is a community and actively choose to become part of it. Fowler
(2021) therefore describes the community as something experienceable. An individual
consciously recognizes a certain group as a community, decides to be part of it, and
experiences it on a communal level and develops.
Brint (2001: 8) gives a generic definition: “I will define communities as aggregates of people
who share common activities and/or beliefs and who are bound together principally by
relations of effect, loyalty, common values, and/or personal concern (i.e., interest in the
personalities and life events of one another)”. He also highlights that in his definition, what
defines social relations within a community, is that they are either strong or exclusive.
Another aspect he considers to be part of the community is that political or economic valued
relations can form a community as well and not just, like in his generic definition, relations of
effect, loyalty, common values, and shared concern. Therefore, Brint (2001) considered a
variety of aspects that can define a community. In general, he sees community as a group of
people who share parts of beliefs, actions as well as social, emotional as well as economic
and political relations.
In our research, we will use both definitions to study community on Urk. When we combine
the approaches of both Fowler (2021) and Brint (2001) we get a definition of the community
5
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