This is the second assignment from unit 11 BTEC. This assignment was awarded a distinction grade and it covers all the criteria needed to complete the specification.
Chromosome:
They are formed from chromatin fibres through eukaryotic
cell division. Found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell (in
humans containing 23 pairs of chromosomes and 46 in total)
with a thread-like structure which contains lots of
chromatids. These chromatids are made up of single length
of DNA which is wrapped and histone proteins which form
nucleosomes of 8. Nucleosomes coil to form chromatin
loops. These chromatins are joining together to form a
condense chromosome.
Chromosomes generally carry genetic information from one generation to other. They are
involved in in the process of cell division, replication and creating daughter cells, and become
visible during the 1st stage of mitosis; prophase where the nuclear membrane plus the
nucleolus disappears.
Chromatids
Chromatid:
Start as one chromatid and in DNA replication of a chromosome, two identical sister
chromatids are created, and they are attached to one another forming a whole chromosome
of 2 identical sister chromatids. They are becoming chromosomes only when mitosis or
meiosis occurs which makes them separate.
In order to pass into the stage of cell division, chromatids allow each cell to hold two copies of their
information inside.
They are visible during prophase when the DNA condenses into sister chromatids and
the nucleus is disappearing.
Centromere:
Located where the two chromatids join, they attach to spindles during cell
division.
Made of DNA sequences. Centromere
Homologous chromosome:
Pair of chromosomes which have identical size, identical genes at the same location, gene loci on the
two chromosomes. But they might have different alleles.
One homologous come from one parent(mom) and the other comes from another Two sister chromatids=
parent(dad). chromosome
They take part in mitosis or meiosis where it allows the genetic material from both
parents to combine into new cells.
They pair up in the stage of prophase 1 and exchange their genetic material
by crossing over each other. They also can be visible.
Non-homologous chromosome:
Chromosomes which have alleles of different types of genes.
X and Y Chromosomes are known as non-homologous.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper oanaandrada. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €8,65. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.