Thema 3: Het zenuwstelsel III. Een complete samenvatting van alle tentamenstof!
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Thema 3 Zenuwstelsel
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Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Op aanraden van mijn medestudenten verkoop ik nu mijn samenvattingen! In deze samenvatting maak ik veel gebruik van afbeeldingen, tabellen en opsommingen. Hierdoor hoef je geen lange lappen saaie en ingewikkelde tekst te lezen. In deze samenvatting staat alle stof van de boeken, colleges en leerdoe...
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Week 9: Consciousness..........................................................................................................................7
Medical history.......................................................................................................................................7
Dualism...........................................................................................................................................7
Monism, localism and materialism.................................................................................................7
Informationalism............................................................................................................................7
How technology transformed death...............................................................................................8
Neuroanatomy.................................................................................................................................10
Cranial nerves...............................................................................................................................14
Development of brain stem and cranial nerves............................................................................18
Behavioural and motivational mechanisms of the brain – The limbic system and the hypothalamus
..........................................................................................................................................................20
Activating: driving systems of the brain........................................................................................20
Neurohormonal control of brain activity......................................................................................20
The limbic system.........................................................................................................................20
Specific functions of other parts of the limbic system..................................................................21
Sleep.................................................................................................................................................23
Sleep disorders.............................................................................................................................27
The brainstem and cranial nerves.....................................................................................................28
The cranial nerves.........................................................................................................................28
Eye movements............................................................................................................................29
Facial sensation............................................................................................................................30
Taste.............................................................................................................................................31
Facial movement..........................................................................................................................31
Hearing.........................................................................................................................................31
Chewing, speaking and swallowing...............................................................................................31
Examination of the cranial nerves................................................................................................32
Examination of a comatose patient..............................................................................................32
Abnormal respiration....................................................................................................................34
Bulbar or pseudobulbar disorder?................................................................................................34
Autonomic nervous system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland.......................................................36
The sympathetic nervous system.................................................................................................36
Parasympathetic nervous system.................................................................................................37
Afferent fibres of the autonomic nervous system........................................................................37
The hypothalamus........................................................................................................................37
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, Autonomic regulation of blood pressure and heart action...........................................................38
Autonomic control of the eye.......................................................................................................38
Cerebral meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid system....................................................................40
Clinical problems associated with cerebrospinal circulation disorders.........................................40
Epilepsy and paroxysmal disorders...................................................................................................41
Seizures.........................................................................................................................................41
Epileptic seizures..........................................................................................................................41
Classification of epilepsy syndromes............................................................................................42
Epileptic seizures in childhood......................................................................................................43
Treatment.....................................................................................................................................43
Sleep disorders.............................................................................................................................44
Altered consciousness......................................................................................................................47
Impaired consciousness................................................................................................................47
Treating comatose patients..........................................................................................................48
Herniation syndromes..................................................................................................................49
Metabolic coma............................................................................................................................50
Non-convulsive status epilepticus................................................................................................51
Altered but not lowered consciousness........................................................................................51
Head and brain injuries.....................................................................................................................52
Severity of brain injuries...............................................................................................................52
Initial assessment and treatment.................................................................................................52
Skull fractures...............................................................................................................................53
Post-traumatic intracranial complications....................................................................................54
The prognosis after head injury....................................................................................................55
Infections of the central nervous system and meninges..................................................................57
Neuroborreliosis...........................................................................................................................57
Brain death.......................................................................................................................................58
Organ donation.............................................................................................................................58
Medical decision-making regarding incompetent patients...............................................................60
Week 10: Transient loss of consciousness............................................................................................61
The nervous system and muscles.........................................................................................................61
Structure.......................................................................................................................................61
Visualising the peripheral nervous system...................................................................................63
The nerve......................................................................................................................................63
Physiology.....................................................................................................................................64
The muscle....................................................................................................................................65
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, Physiological measurements of the central nervous system:.......................................................68
Autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla......................................................................69
General organisation of the autonomic nervous system..............................................................69
The sympathetic nervous system.................................................................................................69
The parasympathetic nervous system..........................................................................................69
Basic characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic function............................................70
Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system.........................................................................71
Cerebral blood flow..........................................................................................................................73
Physiology: transient loss of consciousness......................................................................................75
Transient loss of consciousness........................................................................................................78
Differential diagnosis....................................................................................................................79
Primary evaluation........................................................................................................................82
Pharmacology in epilepsy.................................................................................................................83
Epilepsy and antiseizure medication............................................................................................83
Drug interactions..........................................................................................................................87
Management of epilepsy..............................................................................................................88
Cardiology.........................................................................................................................................90
Bradycardia...................................................................................................................................91
Atrial tachyarrhythmias................................................................................................................92
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias.......................................................................................................93
Myocardial disease.......................................................................................................................94
Week 11: Dementia..............................................................................................................................96
The higher cerebral functions...........................................................................................................96
Functions of the cerebral cortex...................................................................................................96
Aphasia.........................................................................................................................................96
Apraxia..........................................................................................................................................97
Agnosia.........................................................................................................................................97
Aprosody......................................................................................................................................98
Spatial disorders...........................................................................................................................98
Cognitive disorders.......................................................................................................................99
Memory........................................................................................................................................99
Physical causes for psychological dysregulation.........................................................................101
Delusions and hallucinations......................................................................................................101
Ill-defined symptoms..................................................................................................................102
Testing of higher cerebral functions...........................................................................................102
Cortical dysfunction........................................................................................................................104
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