Engels
1. Business fundamentals
Business organisation
Type of business
Sole trader/Sole proprietorship: The business is owned by one person who is responsible for
any debts
Partnership: Two or more people run the business together. All partners share profits and
losses
Limited company (Ltd)/ Limited liabilty company (LLC): The company is responsible for any
losses, not the owners. The company is private, that means that shared cannot be sold in
public = BV
Public limited company (Plc)/ Corporation (Corp/Inc): The company is owned by
shareholders who receive dividends and who may gain or lose money if the share price goes
up or down = NV
Business model
B2B: companies sell to companies
B2C: Companies sell to individuals
C2C: individuals sell to inividuals
B2B2C: Third-party vendors or consultants sell a company's products to consumers
Management structure
The Board: Chairman, CEO, CFO, Non-executive directors
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
The Management Committee/top management: CEO, CFO, directors of marketing, HR, IT…
Middle management: Managers of divisions, departments, branches,…
Supervisory/first line management: Supervisors, team leaders…
Economic cycles
The business cycle
Economic growth (usually) follows a pattern of contraction and
expansion punctuated by troughs [trof] and peaks
- Interest rates
o fall in a period of recession: to encourage
spending
o rise/ become raised when inflation increases: in
order to control investments
- Bull market:
o optimistic about the economy
o Bull: attacks with the horns up (NY)
o = Economy stijgt
- Bear market:
o begins before recession
o bonds are a more popular investment than stocks
o Bear: attacks with his claws down
, o = Economy daalt
The investment cycle
Fase 1: accumulation
After the markt has bottomed, innovators and early adopters
begin to buy at attractive prices In a market which is still
bearish
Fase 2: mark-up phase
Fear of (majority) investors: losing money
o Becomes weaker than the desire to make a profit
Investors become bullish excited euphoric
Fase 3: Distribution phase
Value investors begin to sell
Prices can remain high
Greater fool investors continue to buy, hoping for further rises
o Eventually: prices drop and sellers set for a breakeven or a small loss
Fase 4: Mark-down
most painful
only when the market has plunged 50% or more that many investors first panic, then give in
Early adopters: willing to take risks
Innovators: don’t buy when market is bullish and don’t sell when it bearish
2. Building a career
Tijden zie tijdlijn in wit schrift
Comparative forms
+ beautiful More beautiful
+ good + good Better and better
= positive As positive as
+ rapidly More rapidly
+ quick + quick More and more quickly
+ slow Slower
+ bulky Bulkier
- generous Less generous
+ high Higher than
- expensive Less expensive
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper dinabanckaert. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.