Het bestand betreft een samenvatting van het vak Psychology, Law and Criminal Justice, gegeven door prof. Fabiana Battista aan de KU Leuven. Het omvat de notities van de lessen () en enkele aanbevolen teksten.
MASTER CRIMINOLOGISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, EERSTE SEMESTER
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,Inhoudsopgave
H1 – Introduction..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Psychology and law.......................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Psychology vs. law.................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Legal and forensic psychology...................................................................................................1
1.2 What is scientific method?...........................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Karl Popper............................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 How does a researcher think?...............................................................................................2
1.2.3 What are the phases of research?.........................................................................................2
1.2.4 The experimental method.....................................................................................................3
1.2.5 Variables................................................................................................................................3
1.2.6 Hypotheses............................................................................................................................3
1.2.7 Design....................................................................................................................................4
1.3 How can psychological research help the law field?.....................................................................4
1.4 Scientific paper.............................................................................................................................4
1.4.1 The sections of an article.......................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Article....................................................................................................................................4
H2 – Psychological process relevant for legal profesionals................................................................5
2.1 Perception....................................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Stimuli....................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Mistakes by quantitative detection.......................................................................................6
2.1.3 mistake by qualitative detection............................................................................................8
2.2 Memory........................................................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Memory phases.....................................................................................................................9
2.2.2 Memory models.....................................................................................................................9
2.2.3 Mood dependency effects...................................................................................................11
2.2.4 Autobiographical memory...................................................................................................13
2.2.5 Forgetting............................................................................................................................14
2.3 Decision making..........................................................................................................................14
2.3.1 What is a decision?..............................................................................................................14
2.3.2 How do we make our decisions?.............................................................................................15
H3 – False memories and eyewitness testimony.............................................................................18
, 3.1 False memories...........................................................................................................................18
3.1.1 Spontaneous false memories...................................................................................................18
3.1.2 Suggestive false memories...................................................................................................19
3.2 The importance of false memories for the law field...................................................................23
3.2.1 Real cases............................................................................................................................23
3.2.2 Innocence projects..................................................................................................................23
3.3 Variables effecting eyewitness memory.....................................................................................24
3.3.1 Estimator variables..............................................................................................................24
3.3.2 System variables..................................................................................................................26
3.3.3 Post-diction variables...........................................................................................................28
H4 – Interviewing and interrogation................................................................................................29
4.1 Interviewing................................................................................................................................29
4.2 Structured interviews: different interviews................................................................................30
4.2.1 Stepwise interview..................................................................................................................30
4.2.2 Cognitive interview..............................................................................................................31
4.2.3 Structured interview............................................................................................................32
4.2.4 Statement validity analysis (SVA).........................................................................................32
4.2.5 CBCA....................................................................................................................................34
4.3 Interrogation...............................................................................................................................38
4.3.1 Different interrogations.......................................................................................................39
H5 – False confessions.....................................................................................................................41
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................41
5.1.1 Central Park Jogger..............................................................................................................41
5.1.2 Is the Central Park Jogger case unique?...............................................................................41
5.2 Confession..................................................................................................................................41
5.2.1 Confession...........................................................................................................................41
5.2.2 Historical overview..............................................................................................................42
5.3 Case by case principle.................................................................................................................42
5.3.1 Information from social scientists and psychologists are important to understand false
confessions...................................................................................................................................42
5.3.2 Chain of events....................................................................................................................42
5.3.2.4 Full narrative confession...................................................................................................46
H6 – Crime-related amnesia............................................................................................................50
6.1 Just fiction?.................................................................................................................................50
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