100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
Psychopharmacology samenvatting 2022/2023 €7,49   In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

Psychopharmacology samenvatting 2022/2023

 38 keer bekeken  3 keer verkocht

Dit is een Engelstalige samenvatting van het vak Psychopharmacology. Deze bevat informatie uit de powerpoints, mijn notities en de meeste teksten (verplichte literatuur).

Voorbeeld 4 van de 74  pagina's

  • 15 januari 2023
  • 74
  • 2022/2023
  • Samenvatting
Alle documenten voor dit vak (1)
avatar-seller
ninadobbelaere
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
2022 - 2023




NINA DOBBELAERE
THOMAS MORE ANTWERPEN
Semester 1

,Content
1 History of Psychopharmacology..........................................................................................................3
1.1 Ancient history..............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Influences from psychology..........................................................................................................4
1.2.1 Experimental psychology.......................................................................................................4
1.2.2 Behavioral Psychology...........................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Behavioral Pharmacology......................................................................................................6
1.2.4 Biological Psychology & Psychopharmacology.......................................................................6
1.2.5 Example: Hebbian learning....................................................................................................6
1.3 Influences from psychiatry...........................................................................................................9
1.3.1 Early pharmacotherapy (1860 – 1930)...................................................................................9
1.3.2 Hallucinogenic experiments (1880 – 1940)..........................................................................10
1.3.3 The revolutionary decade (1949 – 1958).............................................................................12
1.4 In conclusion...............................................................................................................................15
2 Neurobiological frameworks of Psychopharmacology.......................................................................16
2.1 Key concepts of behavioral neuroscience...................................................................................16
2.1.1 Anatomy & organization of the nervous system..................................................................16
2.1.2 Origin of signals...................................................................................................................19
2.1.3 Neural communication........................................................................................................20
2.2 Key concepts of Psychopharmacology: pharmacokinetics..........................................................29
2.2.1 General framework..............................................................................................................29
2.2.2 Routes of Administration.....................................................................................................29
2.2.3 Absorption & Distribution....................................................................................................31
2.2.4 Depot binding......................................................................................................................34
2.2.5 Inactivation & biotransformation........................................................................................34
2.2.6 Excretion..............................................................................................................................37
2.2.7 Overview..............................................................................................................................37
2.3 Key concepts of Psychopharmacology: pharmacodynamics.......................................................37
2.3.1 CNS-Behavioral Categorization of Drugs..............................................................................37
2.3.2 Influencing synaptic communication...................................................................................37
2.3.3 Drugs as ligands...................................................................................................................38
2.3.4 Physiological responses of receptors...................................................................................39
2.3.5 Dynamic reactions...............................................................................................................41
2.3.6 From drug actions to drug effects........................................................................................41
2.3.7 Dose Response Curves (DRCs)..............................................................................................42

1

, 2.3.8 From selectivity problem to versatility?...............................................................................42
2.3.9 Tolerance ↔ sensitization..................................................................................................43
3 Psychosocietal discussions.................................................................................................................45
3.1 Topic 1: Psychopharmacological research & ethical challenges.................................................45
3.1.1 Research cycle.....................................................................................................................45
3.2 Topic 2: Therapy adherence & medicalization............................................................................53
3.2.1 Defining therapy (non)adherence........................................................................................53
3.2.2 Factors related to therapy (non)adherence.........................................................................53
3.2.3 Societal problems related to therapy (non)adherence........................................................56
3.2.4 The case of Scott Martin: introduction & instructions.........................................................57
3.2.5 How to improve therapy adherence....................................................................................58
3.3 Topic 3: Substance use disorders (SUDs) & societal issues.........................................................60
3.3.1 Drug abuse, addiction & dependency..................................................................................60
3.3.2 Drug policies & societal issues.............................................................................................66
3.4 Topic 4: Consequences of medicalization...................................................................................68
3.4.1 Ethical marketing.................................................................................................................69
3.4.2 Use, misuse & abuse............................................................................................................70
3.4.3 Homeopathy doesn’t work..................................................................................................72




2

, 1 History of Psychopharmacology
1.1 Ancient history
Before experimental psychology (19th century) – at the beginning of evidence-based medicine

3 men rose to the challenge of (self)experimenting with drugs:

1. Pièrre-Alexandre Charvet (1799 – 1879)
 Opium crisis
 Based on trade route between UK and China (Taiwan)
 Sailors noticed that locals used a lot of opioids (inhaling, eating) for
its pain relieving properties and there was quite a lot of
recreational use
 This caused conflict: recreational use = money!
 Taiwan missed out on cash and they saw their locals turn into a criminalized society
 Substance of interest: opium/heroin/morphine
 First experimental pharmacological studies
 Behavior > physiology: tranquillizing properties and euphoria with the right dose
 Systematically animal testing (e.g. snails, fish, frogs, birds…) and himself
 Observed behavioral effects
 Self-experimentation of a psychoactive substance (= compound that influences our
behavior)

2. Moreau de Tours (1804 – 1884)
 From angel-and-demons to humanistic approach
 Mental issues = demons
 Substance of interest: hasjisj
 A little bit of progress in psychiatry
 People suffering from mental issues were sent to prison during that time
 One person (Pinel) removed the chackles and put them into a clinic (same rights, but at
least they got some specialized “treatment”)
 First substance-based model of mental illnesses
 Behavioral comparison (psychosis, dreams)
 Hypothesized about central nervous system (CNS): there’s a link between the brain

3. Mantegazza (1831 – 1910)
 Anthropological (he was an anthropologist) exploitations in South America
 He saw the tribal use of coca leaves (Incas) for its energizing properties which caused
them to do horrible things such as human sacrifices
 Substance of interest: cocaine/coca leaves
 Self-experimentation
 Uplifting (euphoric) properties of coca
 He saw a clear link with “psychotic craziness” (= term for a lot of mood disorders; low
energy level)
 Enthusiastic supporter of coca
 First attempt at a classification system
 Based on psychoactive plants and plant extracts


3

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

√  	Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper ninadobbelaere. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67474 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€7,49  3x  verkocht
  • (0)
  Kopen