Samenvatting
Detailed Summary of History of Urban Design,
- Instelling
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Detailed summary of History of Urban Design, by Professor M. Ryckewaert
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 66 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 66 pagina's
In winkelwagen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
History of urban designLes 1
Urban history
Contents
• Unplanned city
o Organic patterns
▪ Regular
o The city edge
▪ Almost intertwined with the idea of the city
▪ Recognisable that the city ended there
o Not created by a designer
o Or we do not know if there were designers
o But: clearly some decisions
• Planned city
o By a designer
o Grid
o Development of urban design as a discipline from the renaissance to
the mid 20th century (in Western Europe)
• Focus on western Europe Renaissance until mid 20th century
o Development of a formal vocabulary that rules urban design into the
19th century
o Clear origins in renaissance but subsequent periodization is a bit
sketchy
▪ Artists, architecture history
,Timeline
• Early urban societies
o 5000 BCE Mesopotamia
o Similar developments independently elsewhere and in other periods
▪ Even in some cases the periodisation is different, e.g. central-
America, China…
• The Greek polis
o 8th – 5th century BCE
• Helenic period
o Alexander The Great, 4th – 2nd century BCE
o Strong period in city formation
• Urban planning in the Roman empire
o 1st BCE – 4th / 6th AC
• Decline of the Roman Empire, ca. 4th century
o Little Roman cities in the Low Countries / Northern Europe
o Planned / grided cities largely disappear
o City fortifications remain
o Decline in city building, some of these cities were disappearing or
remaining fragmented
• High middle ages (11th – 13th century) formation cities
o Civil liberties (city charters)
▪ To urban societies
▪ Take up their own urban positions
o Fortifications
▪ In relation to the trade and craft, going hand in hand with
economic growth
• Late middle ages (14th – 15th century) expansion of cities
o Suburban growth
o Second, third ring of fortifications
o City edge is increasing by constructing new edges of the city
,• Renaissance (16th century)
o Fortifications
o Planned cities, composition, perspective, harmonic proportion
systems…
o No longer strictly utilitarian or pragmatic principles, but real “design” and
aesthetic principles (the grand manner)
o Laying out rules of proposition
o When you can say that urban design emerges for the first time: city
construction or design goes from practical to design and aesthetic
• Baroque (17th century) & classicism (18th century)
o Vocabulary developed in the renaissance is extensively used
o Grandeur, mannerism -striving for visual effects, baroque staging of the
urban image
o Scale of intervention expanded to the city as a whole and even the
surrounding territory
▪ Territory becomes subject of design
▪ Design becomes incorporated into landscape
• The industrial city (19th century)
o Industrial revolution
▪ Adapting the city to industrial rule
o Urban explosion
▪ Strong urban growth
▪ New social problems in cities, new class in society: urban
workers
• Social, hyghienic and health issues
o Infrastructure & industry
o Urban proletariat
o Social utopias as an alternative to create better urban societies
• The modern city (20th century)
o First half of the 20th century
▪ From social utopia to modern city model
▪ The functional city
, • City planning: it is conceived as a rational problem to be
solved
• When we split up a problem / production process in
different parts, we can arrange them → incorporate this
rule in city design
• Protecting green areas
• Leading to a dominant practice of zoning
o Second half of the 20th century
▪ The “zoned city”
▪ Urban sprawl, splintering urbanism, the diffuse city
▪ The generic city in a context of globalisation
What is a city?
The city as a socio-political and economic system
• Several theories that have studied early urban societies such as
o First urban societies in Mesopotamia
o The Greek Polis
o The Medieval City
• The urban revolution (Childe)
• The Greek polis (Kitto)
o Political system of the city states
• City origins (Henri Pirenne)
o On the early medieval city in the Western Europe (9th century)
o Development of trade
• Cities and European civilization (Henri Pirenne)
o Start of the bloom period of European cities (from 10th century)
The city as a built artefact
• Definition of Spiro Kostoff based on an analysis of the rise of cities
o Definition of basic ingredients that make up city form
▪ You encounter in every urban form
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper fbohets. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67474 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen